gp91-phox Inhibitors

Common gp91-phox Inhibitors include, but are not limited to Apocynin CAS 498-02-2, Diphenyleneiodonium chloride CAS 4673-26-1, Ebselen CAS 60940-34-3, Allopurinol CAS 315-30-0 and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine CAS 616-91-1.

gp91-phox, also known as NOX2, is a subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex predominantly found in phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages. This complex plays a critical role in the immune system's defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Upon activation, the NADPH oxidase complex assembles and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide anions, which aid in the destruction of pathogens that have been engulfed by phagocytes. In essence, gp91-phox is vital for the respiratory burst activity of phagocytic cells, a rapid release of ROS following phagocytosis. However, while the production of ROS is beneficial for fighting off infections, excessive or unregulated ROS generation can be detrimental, leading to tissue damage and contributing to a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.

gp91-phox inhibitors are chemical compounds designed to specifically target and inhibit the activity of the gp91-phox subunit, thereby modulating the production of ROS by the NADPH oxidase complex. By controlling the activity of gp91-phox, these inhibitors can reduce the harmful effects of excessive ROS production without compromising the essential immune functions of phagocytes. The intricacies of gp91-phox's function and regulation make it a compelling target for research, and understanding the mode of action and effects of its inhibitors can provide valuable insights into the delicate balance between the immune response and inflammatory damage.