FAM71E2 Activators

FAM71E2 engage distinct cellular pathways to modulate its activity through phosphorylation. Forskolin is one such activator that directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, which results in an upsurge of cyclic AMP levels within the cell. This elevation of cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), a kinase that transfers phosphate groups to various protein substrates. If FAM71E2 is a substrate for PKA, this would lead to its phosphorylation and consequent activation. Similarly, Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, can also activate PKA, suggesting another route for the activation of FAM71E2 via phosphorylation. Moreover, agents like PMA and TPA, known to activate protein kinase C (PKC), can catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to proteins within their substrate spectrum. If FAM71E2 falls under PKC's substrates, its phosphorylation and activation would likewise ensue.

Ionomycin raises intracellular calcium levels, which in turn can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and activation of FAM71E2 if it is a target protein. EGF, through its receptor, triggers the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade, which can also lead to protein phosphorylation events that may include FAM71E2. Insulin might play a role in FAM71E2 activation by initiating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, where Akt kinase phosphorylates a broad range of proteins. Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A, inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, prevent dephosphorylation of proteins, which could sustain or enhance the phosphorylated state of FAM71E2, assuming it is normally regulated by phosphorylation status. Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases, such as JNK and p38, which can phosphorylate proteins, implying another pathway for FAM71E2 activation. Similarly, Hydrogen Peroxide can induce signaling pathways leading to kinase activation that may target FAM71E2. Lastly, Bay K8644, by acting as an agonist to L-type calcium channels, increases intracellular calcium, which might activate FAM71E2 through calcium-dependent signaling mechanisms.