Esp23 Inhibitors
Esp23 inhibitors are a class of chemical compounds specifically designed to target and modulate the activity of the Esp23 protein, an effector protein associated with the type III secretion system (T3SS) found in certain pathogenic bacteria. The T3SS is a specialized apparatus used by these bacteria to inject effector proteins, such as Esp23, directly into host cells. Once inside the host cell, Esp23 and similar proteins can manipulate cellular processes to favor bacterial survival and replication, often by interfering with the host's immune response, altering signaling pathways, or disrupting the cytoskeleton. Esp23 inhibitors are developed to disrupt the function of this effector protein, thereby preventing it from exerting its pathogenic effects within host cells. This approach allows researchers to study the specific role of Esp23 in bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions.
The development of Esp23 inhibitors involves a thorough understanding of the protein's structure and its interactions with host cell components. Structural biology techniques such as X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are utilized to determine the three-dimensional configuration of Esp23, focusing on the domains responsible for its interaction with host cellular machinery. This structural information is crucial for identifying potential binding sites where inhibitors can effectively target Esp23 to block its activity. Computational tools, including molecular docking and virtual screening, are then employed to identify small molecules that can bind with high affinity and specificity to these critical regions of Esp23. Once potential inhibitors are identified, they undergo synthesis and are tested in vitro to evaluate their binding affinity, specificity, and ability to inhibit Esp23's function. Through iterative cycles of chemical optimization, these inhibitors are refined to improve their potency and stability. The study of Esp23 inhibitors not only advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial pathogenesis but also provides insights into the complex strategies bacteria use to hijack host cellular processes, contributing to a broader understanding of microbial virulence and host defense mechanisms.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA, a PKC activator, can potentially activate Esp23 by stimulating protein kinase C (PKC). Activated PKC may modulate various cellular processes, potentially influencing Esp23 activity and leading to its activation. | ||||||
Rp-8-Br-cAMPS | 129735-00-8 | sc-3539A sc-3539 | 500 µg 1 mg | $250.00 $340.00 | 22 | |
8-Br-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, can activate Esp23 indirectly by mimicking the effects of intracellular cAMP. This analog may stimulate downstream pathways, influencing Esp23 activity and contributing to its activation. | ||||||
Sodium Orthovanadate | 13721-39-6 | sc-3540 sc-3540B sc-3540A | 5 g 10 g 50 g | $49.00 $57.00 $187.00 | 142 | |
Sodium orthovanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, may activate Esp23 by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues. This inhibition can lead to elevated tyrosine phosphorylation, potentially positively influencing Esp23 activity and contributing to its activation. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, may activate Esp23 by modulating gene expression. The influence on gene expression could lead to changes in cellular processes that positively impact Esp23 activity and contribute to its activation. | ||||||
GW 5074 | 220904-83-6 | sc-200639 sc-200639A | 5 mg 25 mg | $106.00 $417.00 | 10 | |
GW5074, a Raf-1 inhibitor, can potentially activate Esp23 by blocking the inhibitory effect of Raf-1. Inhibition of Raf-1 could lead to the activation of downstream pathways positively influencing Esp23 activity. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187, a calcium ionophore, may activate Esp23 by increasing intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium levels can trigger various signaling pathways, potentially influencing Esp23 activity and contributing to its activation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can activate Esp23 by preventing cAMP degradation. Increased cAMP levels can activate downstream pathways, positively influencing Esp23 activity and leading to its activation. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a prostaglandin analog, can activate Esp23 by binding to its receptors and triggering intracellular signaling. This activation may lead to downstream events positively influencing Esp23 activity. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $152.00 $479.00 $632.00 $1223.00 $2132.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, may activate Esp23 by influencing histone acetylation and gene expression. The modulation of gene expression could lead to changes in cellular processes that positively impact Esp23 activity and contribute to its activation. | ||||||
Betulinic Acid | 472-15-1 | sc-200132 sc-200132A | 25 mg 100 mg | $117.00 $344.00 | 3 | |
Betulinic acid, a natural compound, may activate Esp23 through diverse mechanisms affecting cellular processes. The specific mechanisms are diverse and could include modulation of gene expression, ion channels, or other signaling pathways positively affecting Esp23 activity. | ||||||