DHDH Inhibitors
DHDH Inhibitors encompass a diverse set of compounds that impact the enzymatic activity of DHDH through various biochemical and cellular pathways. Disulfiram, by increasing acetaldehyde levels, can form adducts with DHDH, thus inhibiting its dehydrogenase function. Similarly, Chlorpromazine and Thioridazine can disrupt cellular redox states, which is critical for DHDH's catalytic activity, leading to its functional inhibition. Acetaminophen's metabolism produces reactive intermediates, which may deplete glutathione, a crucial antioxidant for maintaining the redox balance necessary for DHDH activity. Menadione's induction of oxidative stress through ROS production can oxidatively modify proteins like DHDH, hindering its activity. MDMA exacerbates this oxidative stress further, potentially affectingDHDH's enzymatic function, as it too is sensitive to the cellular redox environment.
The inhibition of DHDH can also be achieved indirectly through the modulation of cellular conditions and cofactors. Quercetin's chelating effect could limit the availability of essential metal ions, which are potentially necessary for DHDH's electron transfer processes. Methylene blue's redox cycling might disrupt the redox reactions involving DHDH, consequently inhibiting its activity. Allopurinol, being structurally similar to various dehydrogenase substrates, could interfere competitively with DHDH substrate binding, leading to reduced activity. 3-bromopyruvate can act as an alkylating agent, modifying key residues in the active site of DHDH and thus blocking its enzymatic function. Omeprazole, by altering the intracellular pH, can impair DHDH's activity since its optimal enzyme activity is pH-dependent. Lastly, sodium valproate's influence on protein acetylation status might affect DHDH's stability or function, culminating in its inhibition.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disulfiram | 97-77-8 | sc-205654 sc-205654A | 50 g 100 g | $53.00 $89.00 | 7 | |
Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that increases acetaldehyde concentration, a product of ethanol metabolism. Elevated acetaldehyde can modify and inactivate proteins through adduct formation. DHDH, being a dehydrogenase, may be susceptible to similar inhibition through reactive aldehyde intermediates that could form adducts with the enzyme, thus inhibiting its activity. | ||||||
Chlorpromazine | 50-53-3 | sc-357313 sc-357313A | 5 g 25 g | $61.00 $110.00 | 21 | |
Chlorpromazine is a dopamine antagonist that also inhibits various enzymes. It can interfere with the electron transport chain, leading to altered cellular redox state. Since DHDH relies on a balanced redox state for proper enzymatic function, disruption of this balance can indirectly inhibit DHDH activity. | ||||||
Thioridazine | 50-52-2 | sc-473180 | 50 mg | $500.00 | ||
Thioridazine, like Chlorpromazine, is a dopamine antagonist with enzyme inhibitory properties. It alters the redox state within cells, which can affect DHDH function as it is sensitive to changes in the NAD+/NADH ratio, a key component of the redox state. | ||||||
Acetaminophen | 103-90-2 | sc-203425 sc-203425A sc-203425B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $41.00 $61.00 $194.00 | 11 | |
Acetaminophen is metabolized into reactive intermediates that can deplete glutathione levels. As DHDH requires a specific redox environment for its catalytic mechanism, glutathione depletion can result in oxidative stress, leading to indirect inhibition of DHDH activity. | ||||||
Vitamin K3 | 58-27-5 | sc-205990B sc-205990 sc-205990A sc-205990C sc-205990D | 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g 500 g | $26.00 $36.00 $47.00 $136.00 $455.00 | 3 | |
Menadione undergoes redox cycling, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can oxidize proteins and lipids. The increased oxidative stress can affect proteins like DHDH that are involved in redox reactions, potentially inhibiting its enzymatic activity. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $110.00 $250.00 $936.00 $50.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin is a flavonoid that acts as an antioxidant but also has the capacity to chelate metal ions. As DHDH is a flavoprotein that may rely on metal ions for proper electron transfer, metal chelation by quercetin can potentially inhibit its activity. | ||||||
Methylene blue | 61-73-4 | sc-215381B sc-215381 sc-215381A | 25 g 100 g 500 g | $43.00 $104.00 $328.00 | 3 | |
Methylene blue is a redox cycler that can accept and donate electrons, disrupting normal redox reactions within cells. This disruption can impact the normal redox-dependent activity of DHDH, leading to its inhibition. | ||||||
Allopurinol | 315-30-0 | sc-207272 | 25 g | $131.00 | ||
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that can also influence other dehydrogenases by mimicking the structures of their substrates. By interfering with the normal substrate interaction of DHDH, allopurinol could indirectly inhibit its function. | ||||||
Omeprazole | 73590-58-6 | sc-202265 | 50 mg | $67.00 | 4 | |
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that can increase intracellular pH. DHDH, being an enzyme with a pH-dependent activity profile, could be inhibited if intracellular pH shifts out of its optimal range. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $87.00 | 9 | |
Sodium valproate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that alters gene expression and protein acetylation status. As DHDH is a protein, changes in acetylation can modify its function or stability, leading to indirect inhibition. | ||||||