CA V Activators
Carbonic Anhydrase V (CA V) is a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the carbonic anhydrase family, which is pivotal in maintaining acid-base balance and CO2 transport within various tissues in the body. CA V catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, facilitating the conversion to bicarbonate and protons. This enzymatic activity is critical for numerous physiological processes, including the urea cycle, lipid metabolism, and the maintenance of pH homeostasis. Distinct from other carbonic anhydrase isozymes, CA V is primarily expressed in the liver, where it plays a significant role in gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis. The expression of CA V is tightly regulated at the genetic level, and various intracellular and extracellular signals can modulate this expression to meet the metabolic demands of the cell.
Several chemical compounds have been identified that can potentially induce the expression of CA V. For example, forskolin, known for its ability to increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), could stimulate CA V expression by enhancing the activity of transcription factors that respond to cAMP. Similarly, factors like retinoic acid and vitamin D3, which bind to their respective nuclear receptors, can initiate the transcription of genes that have response elements sensitive to these molecules. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, may also elevate CA V expression by promoting a more transcriptionally active chromatin state. Moreover, compounds that modulate signaling pathways, like phenobarbital and metformin, have been shown to upregulate the expression of certain genes, suggesting a possible role in CA V induction. It's important to note that the induction of CA V by these chemicals is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms that ensure the enzyme's expression is appropriately matched to the physiological context of the cell.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, resulting in a surge in cAMP levels. This cascade can enhance the transcriptional activity of CREB, potentially leading to the upregulation of CA V expression. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid serves as a ligand for nuclear hormone receptors, initiating the transcription of genes by binding to retinoic acid response elements (RARE) in their promoter regions, which may include the promoter of CA V. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $71.00 $163.00 $296.00 | 2 | |
Upon conversion to its active form, calcitriol, Cholecalciferol binds to the vitamin D receptor, initiating the transcription of genes with vitamin D response elements (VDREs), which could induce the expression of CA V. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can initiate a signal transduction pathway leading to the activation of transcription factors that stimulate the expression of genes, including potentially CA V. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which may lead to the stabilization of transcription factors and the upregulation of their target genes, hypothetically including CA V. | ||||||
Metformin | 657-24-9 | sc-507370 | 10 mg | $79.00 | 2 | |
Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a key role in cellular energy homeostasis and could stimulate the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, possibly encompassing CA V. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $31.00 $47.00 $84.00 $222.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate, as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can lead to a more open chromatin structure, facilitating the transcriptional machinery's access to genes and potentially stimulating CA V expression. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $152.00 $479.00 $632.00 $1223.00 $2132.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A, another histone deacetylase inhibitor, may promote the transcriptional activation by allowing transcription factors better access to DNA, possibly resulting in the enhanced expression of CA V. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine can induce gene expression by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, leading to the demethylation of gene promoter regions and the reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes, which could include CA V. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $63.00 $182.00 | 8 | |
β-Estradiol binds estrogen receptors, which upon dimerization, can bind to estrogen response elements (EREs) and initiate the transcription of target genes, possibly leading to the upregulation of CA V expression. | ||||||