C19orf46 Activators
Chemical activators of C19orf46 employ various biochemical pathways to initiate the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the protein. Forskolin directly targets adenylyl cyclase to increase the levels of cAMP within the cell, a crucial second messenger. The elevated cAMP levels then activate protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn phosphorylates C19orf46, leading to its activation. Similarly, 8-Bromo-cAMP and Dibutyryl-cAMP, both analogs of cAMP that readily enter cells, also activate PKA, resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of C19orf46. Isoproterenol functions as a β-adrenergic agonist and elevates cAMP levels, following the same pathway through PKA to achieve the phosphorylation of C19orf46.
Additionally, PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a myriad of proteins, including C19orf46. Ionomycin, by acting as a calcium ionophore, raises intracellular calcium levels, which can trigger the phosphorylation of C19orf46 through calcium-dependent kinases. Thapsigargin works by inhibiting the SERCA pump, resulting in increased cytosolic calcium levels, which activate calcium-dependent kinases that can also target C19orf46 for phosphorylation. Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid, both protein phosphatase inhibitors, maintain C19orf46 in a phosphorylated state by preventing the dephosphorylation process, thereby sustaining its activation. Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases, leading to the phosphorylation of C19orf46. Lastly, growth factors such as Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and hormones like Insulin can initiate signaling cascades - the MAPK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/Akt pathway, respectively - which culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of C19orf46. Each of these chemicals, through their distinct mechanisms, ensures that C19orf46 is phosphorylated and thus functionally activated.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is known to phosphorylate a wide range of target proteins. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of C19orf46 results in its functional activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, elevating intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases which can phosphorylate C19orf46, thus functionally activating the protein. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the SERCA pump leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels, which in turn can activate calcium-dependent kinases. These kinases can then phosphorylate and activate C19orf46. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is a protein phosphatase inhibitor that prevents dephosphorylation of proteins. By inhibiting dephosphorylation, Calyculin A indirectly maintains C19orf46 in an activated state through persistent phosphorylation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid functions similarly to Calyculin A by inhibiting protein phosphatases, thereby maintaining proteins in a phosphorylated and activated state. This would sustain the activation of C19orf46 through continuous phosphorylation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases which can phosphorylate target proteins. The phosphorylation of C19orf46 by these kinases would result in its activation. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which can result in the phosphorylation and activation of a multitude of downstream proteins. Through this pathway, C19orf46 can be phosphorylated and activated. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $126.00 $328.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. PKA activation leads to the phosphorylation of target proteins, including C19orf46, which results in its functional activation. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP, another cAMP analog, activates PKA. The activated PKA then phosphorylates C19orf46, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a β-adrenergic agonist that increases intracellular cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation. Activated PKA can phosphorylate C19orf46, which activates the protein functionally. | ||||||