Butyrophilin Activators
Butyrophilin activators comprise a set of chemical compounds that serve to enhance the functional activity of Butyrophilin through modulation of specific cellular signaling pathways. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin, through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the elevation of intracellular calcium levels respectively, enhance Butyrophilin's role in immune cell signaling. Similarly, Forskolin raises intracellular cAMP levels, indirectly boosting Butyrophilin's involvement in T-cell regulation via PKA phosphorylation. Brefeldin A, by disrupting protein trafficking, might lead to an increase in Butyrophilin's presence on the cell surface and thus its functional activity. Cyclosporin A, through calcineurin inhibition, could enhance Butyrophilin-mediated inhibitory effects on T-cells, while Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulates inflammatory pathways that Butyrophilin is involved in, enhancing its immunoregulatory functions.
Additional chemicals that influence Butyrophilin activity include A23187 (Calcimycin) and Thapsigargin, both of which raise intracellular calcium, a key player in Butyrophilin's regulation of immune responses. Isoprenaline, via beta-adrenergic receptor activation, and Dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), a cAMP analog, both increase PKA activity, potentially enhancing Butyrophilin's role in immune cell signaling. Zoledronic acid indirectly influences Butyrophilin by modulating prenylation-dependent signaling pathways, which are critical for immune cell function. Lastly, Retinoic acid, known for its role in gene expression modulation, could positively affect Butyrophilin's regulatory activities in immune pathways by altering the expression of genes within those pathways where Butyrophilin operates. Collectively, these compounds facilitate the enhancement of Butyrophilin-mediated functions, specifically in the context of immunomodulation, without directly increasing its expression or activation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), a family of enzymes that can phosphorylate a wide range of target proteins. Butyrophilin is a part of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which can be regulated by PKC through phosphorylation, leading to enhanced immunomodulatory functions. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Butyrophilin's activity is modulated by calcium signaling, and by elevating calcium, ionomycin indirectly enhances Butyrophilin's role in immune cell signaling. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing intracellular cAMP levels which can activate PKA. PKA phosphorylation can influence Butyrophilin, potentially enhancing its role in T-cell regulation and other immune responses. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts the Golgi apparatus, affecting protein trafficking and secretion. As Butyrophilin is involved in immune cell surface expression, brefeldin A could enhance Butyrophilin's functional activity by modulating its trafficking to the cell surface. | ||||||
Cyclosporin A | 59865-13-3 | sc-3503 sc-3503-CW sc-3503A sc-3503B sc-3503C sc-3503D | 100 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g 25 g 100 g | $62.00 $90.00 $299.00 $475.00 $1015.00 $2099.00 | 69 | |
Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant that inhibits calcineurin, indirectly affecting T-cell activation. Butyrophilin is implicated in T-cell regulation; thus, cyclosporin A could indirectly enhance Butyrophilin-mediated inhibitory effects on T-cells. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 interacts with its receptors to modulate immune responses. It can potentiate Butyrophilin's immune regulatory functions by influencing inflammatory pathways that Butyrophilin is involved in, such as modulating T-cell responses. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 acts as a calcium ionophore similar to ionomycin, raising intracellular calcium concentrations. This elevation can modulate Butyrophilin's activity by affecting calcium-dependent signaling pathways critical to its function in immune regulation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride is a beta-adrenergic agonist that can increase cAMP levels in cells, leading to PKA activation. PKA can then phosphorylate Butyrophilin or associated proteins, potentially enhancing Butyrophilin's role in immune cell signaling. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SERCA pump inhibitor that leads to increased cytosolic calcium levels. Elevated calcium can indirectly influence Butyrophilin's functions in calcium-dependent immune responses. | ||||||
Zoledronic acid, anhydrous | 118072-93-8 | sc-364663 sc-364663A | 25 mg 100 mg | $90.00 $251.00 | 5 | |
Zoledronic acid inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, affecting prenylation and thus the function of various signaling proteins. This disruption can indirectly enhance Butyrophilin's activity by affecting the immune cell functions it modulates. | ||||||