BTN2A2 Activators
Chemical activators of BTN2A2 can induce various intracellular signaling pathways leading to the protein's activation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate BTN2A2 and modulate its activity. Ionomycin, by increasing intracellular calcium levels, can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases that are capable of phosphorylating BTN2A2. Similarly, thapsigargin, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, induces a rise in cytosolic calcium which, in turn, activates kinases that can phosphorylate BTN2A2. In the realm of cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling, forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This elevation of cAMP results in the activation of PKA, which can then phosphorylate BTN2A2. Analogously, 8-Bromo-cAMP and dibutyryl-cAMP, both cAMP analogs, activate PKA, which is known to phosphorylate BTN2A2.
Moreover, the inhibition of protein phosphatases by compounds like Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid can result in the sustained phosphorylation and consequent activation of BTN2A2. The stress-activated protein kinase pathway, triggered by anisomycin, can also lead to the phosphorylation and activation of BTN2A2. The intricate balance of kinase and phosphatase activities is crucial for the regulation of BTN2A2. Disruption of cellular structures by Brefeldin A can initiate a signaling cascade, including the activation of stress kinases that phosphorylate BTN2A2. Lastly, inhibitors of specific protein kinases such as (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Bisindolylmaleimide I can indirectly result in the activation of alternative kinases, which may then target BTN2A2 for phosphorylation, altering the protein's function. Each of these chemicals employs a distinct mechanism to influence the phosphorylation status of BTN2A2 and, thereby, its activity within the cell.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC). As PKC plays a role in signal transduction pathways that can lead to the activation of various cellular proteins, its activation by PMA can lead to the phosphorylation of BTN2A2, which would result in its functional activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore which increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases, which in turn could phosphorylate BTN2A2, leading to its activation. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $126.00 $328.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. Activated PKA can phosphorylate BTN2A2, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SERCA pump inhibitor that leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. The rise in calcium can activate calcium-dependent kinases, which may phosphorylate BTN2A2, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A inhibits protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels of cellular proteins. This inhibition can lead to the activation of BTN2A2 by maintaining its phosphorylation status, as phosphorylation is a modification that can activate proteins. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, similar to Calyculin A. By inhibiting the dephosphorylation process, it can lead to the sustained activation of BTN2A2 through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that also activates stress-activated protein kinases like JNK. Activation of these kinases can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of various proteins, including BTN2A2. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a cAMP analog that activates PKA. PKA can phosphorylate BTN2A2, which would lead to its functional activation. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $43.00 $73.00 $126.00 $243.00 $530.00 $1259.00 | 11 | |
EGCG has been shown to inhibit certain protein kinases, which paradoxically can lead to the activation of alternate signaling pathways. This compensatory activation of kinases due to the inhibition of others may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of BTN2A2. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $31.00 $53.00 $124.00 $374.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A is known to disrupt Golgi apparatus structure, which can lead to a cascade of signaling events, including the activation of stress kinases that may phosphorylate and activate BTN2A2. | ||||||