β-defensin 27 Activators
β-Defensin 27, a vital component of the innate immune system, plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial challenges. Serving as an antimicrobial peptide, it contributes to the first line of defense by disrupting microbial membranes and exerting bactericidal effects. Understanding the mechanisms governing β-defensin 27 activation provides insights into the complex interplay between cellular pathways and immune responses. Activation of β-defensin 27 involves a network of cellular signaling cascades influenced by various chemical activators. Compounds like retinoic acid, thiazolidinediones, sulforaphane, butyrate, genistein, resveratrol, 5-azacytidine, alpha-lipoic acid, luteolin, diallyl disulfide, EGCG, and quercetin have been identified as activators, targeting pathways such as retinoic acid receptors, PPARγ, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE, histone deacetylation, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, AP-1, MAPK, and NF-κB.
These activators modulate chromatin structure, transcription factor activity, and epigenetic modifications, resulting in increased transcription of the DEFB27 gene and elevated expression of β-defensin 27. This activation not only enhances immediate defense against microbial invaders but also highlights the intricate connections between the innate immune system and various cellular signaling cascades. This knowledge provides valuable insights into potential strategies for boosting the innate immune response, with implications for host defense and immune modulation.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 12 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid activates β-defensin 27 directly by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs). This complex translocates to the DEFB27 promoter region, enhancing transcription. The resulting increase in β-defensin 27 expression contributes to innate immunity, providing antimicrobial defense against various pathogens. | ||||||
2,4-Thiazolidinedione | 2295-31-0 | sc-216281 | 50 g | $177.00 | 3 | |
Thiazolidinediones activate β-defensin 27 through PPARγ activation. Upon binding, PPARγ forms a complex with RXR, promoting binding to PPRE in the DEFB27 promoter. This enhances transcription, leading to elevated β-defensin 27 expression and reinforcing the innate immune response against microbial challenges. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 27 through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. By promoting Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, it facilitates Nrf2 translocation and binding to the DEFB27 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation reinforces the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 27. | ||||||
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | sc-214640 sc-214640A | 1 kg 10 kg | $63.00 $174.00 | ||
Butyrate activates β-defensin 27 by serving as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it promotes an open chromatin structure in the DEFB27 promoter region, facilitating increased transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in elevated β-defensin 27 expression, contributing to innate immunity. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $26.00 $92.00 $120.00 $310.00 $500.00 $908.00 $1821.00 | 46 | |
Genistein indirectly activates β-defensin 27 by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. It hinders Akt phosphorylation, relieving its inhibition on FoxO3a. This allows FoxO3a to bind to the DEFB27 promoter, promoting transcription. This indirect activation leads to increased β-defensin 27 expression, bolstering the innate immune response. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates β-defensin 27 indirectly by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Acting as an antioxidant, it enhances Nrf2 translocation, promoting its binding to the ARE element in the DEFB27 promoter. This up-regulation of β-defensin 27 contributes to antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, directly activates β-defensin 27. By demethylating the DEFB27 promoter region, it alleviates epigenetic repression, allowing for enhanced transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in increased β-defensin 27 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 27 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. As an antioxidant, it promotes Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, facilitating its translocation to the DEFB27 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 27. | ||||||
Luteolin | 491-70-3 | sc-203119 sc-203119A sc-203119B sc-203119C sc-203119D | 5 mg 50 mg 500 mg 5 g 500 g | $26.00 $50.00 $99.00 $150.00 $1887.00 | 40 | |
Luteolin activates β-defensin 27 by modulating the AP-1 pathway. It inhibits c-Fos and c-Jun activation, suppressing AP-1 transcriptional activity. As a consequence, the negative regulation on DEFB27 expression is alleviated, leading to increased β-defensin 27 synthesis with antimicrobial implications. | ||||||
Allyl disulfide | 2179-57-9 | sc-252359 | 25 g | $78.00 | ||
Allyl disulfide activates β-defensin 27 by influencing the MAPK pathway. It enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation, positively regulating AP-1, which binds to the DEFB27 promoter. This leads to increased transcription of β-defensin 27, fortifying the antimicrobial defense mechanism. | ||||||