Atg14 Activators
Atg14 activators are a class of compounds that indirectly enhance the activity of Atg14 through modulation of autophagy pathways and processes. These activators function primarily by influencing signaling pathways that converge on autophagy initiation complexes that include Atg14. Rapamycin and Torin 1, as mTOR inhibitors, play a crucial role in deactivating the negative regulation imposed by mTORC1 on the ULK1 complex, an essential step in autophagy induction where Atg14 operates. The inhibition of mTORC1 relieves its suppression on ULK1, allowing Atg14 to participate more actively in autophagosome formation, thus enhancing its functional activity. Similarly, Perifosine disrupts the Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to a similar outcome where autophagy is promoted and Atg14's role is upregulated in response to the reduced inhibitory pressure from mTORC1.
On the other hand, compounds like Spermidine, Nicotinamide, and Resveratrol exert their effects through epigenetic and post-translational modifications that favor autophagy. Spermidine inhibits EP300, a negative regulator of autophagy, thus enhancing Atg14's function in autophagy. Nicotinamide, by inhibiting sirtuin deacetylases, leads to the activation of Atg proteins, including Atg14, thus facilitating the formation of autophagosomes. Resveratrol activates SIRT1, which deacetylates Atg proteins, thereby promoting Atg14's involvement in autophagic processes. Trehalose and Carbamazepine, through distinct mechanisms, both enhance the autophagic flux, with Trehalose doing so by activating TFEB and Carbamazepine by enhancing the degradation of autophagy substrates, which can have a positive effect on Atg14 activity. Verapamil and Lithium, through modulation of calcium levels and GSK-3 inhibition, respectively, create cellular conditions that can lead to enhanced Atg14 function. Spautin-1 maintains the stability of the Vps34/Beclin1/Atg14 complex, thereby ensuring Atg14's continued participation in autophagosome nucleation. Each of these compounds, while distinct in their mechanisms, ultimately converge on the upregulation of Atg14's activity within the autophagic pathway.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that initiates autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTORC1 can enhance the activity of the ULK1 complex, which is upstream of Atg14 in the autophagy pathway, leading to the activation of Atg14 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Perifosine | 157716-52-4 | sc-364571 sc-364571A | 5 mg 10 mg | $188.00 $327.00 | 1 | |
Perifosine is an Akt inhibitor that impedes the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Disruption of this pathway alleviates the inhibitory effect of mTORC1 on the ULK1 complex, thereby promoting the initiation of autophagy and enhancing the function of Atg14. | ||||||
Spermidine | 124-20-9 | sc-215900 sc-215900B sc-215900A | 1 g 25 g 5 g | $57.00 $607.00 $176.00 | ||
Spermidine is a polyamine that can induce autophagy by inhibiting the acetyltransferase EP300, which leads to the activation of autophagy-related genes, including those involving Atg14. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium is a GSK-3 inhibitor, which can induce autophagy through inhibitory phosphorylation of mTOR. This activates the ULK1 complex and subsequently enhances the function of Atg14 in the early stages of autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Nicotinamide | 98-92-0 | sc-208096 sc-208096A sc-208096B sc-208096C | 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $44.00 $66.00 $204.00 $831.00 | 6 | |
Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of sirtuin deacetylases, which can enhance autophagy by modulating the activity of Atg proteins through deacetylation, including Atg14, thereby enhancing its role in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
D-(+)-Trehalose Anhydrous | 99-20-7 | sc-294151 sc-294151A sc-294151B | 1 g 25 g 100 g | $30.00 $167.00 $260.00 | 2 | |
Trehalose is a disaccharide that can induce autophagy by activating the TFEB transcription factor, which upregulates autophagy-related genes, thus enhancing the function of Atg14 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Torin 1 | 1222998-36-8 | sc-396760 | 10 mg | $245.00 | 7 | |
Torin 1 is a potent mTOR inhibitor that robustly induces autophagy. By inhibiting mTORC1, Torin 1 enhances the ULK1 complex activity, which in turn activates Atg14 for the nucleation of autophagosomes. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol is a SIRT1 activator that can enhance autophagy by deacetylating multiple Atg proteins, including Atg14, thus promoting autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Carbamazepine | 298-46-4 | sc-202518 sc-202518A | 1 g 5 g | $33.00 $71.00 | 5 | |
Carbamazepine is an autophagy stimulator that enhances the degradation of autophagy substrates. It indirectly enhances Atg14 function by promoting the autophagic flux, which is essential for the initiation and progression of autophagy. | ||||||
Verapamil | 52-53-9 | sc-507373 | 1 g | $374.00 | ||
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can induce autophagy by disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis. This may enhance Atg14 function by promoting autophagosome formation as a cellular response to altered calcium levels. | ||||||