ACAT-1 Activators

The chemical class known as ACAT-1 Activators comprises a diverse group of compounds that can directly or indirectly stimulate ACAT-1, an enzyme involved in cholesterol esterification and lipid metabolism. These compounds act on specific biochemical pathways and regulatory factors that govern ACAT-1 expression and activity. Cholesterol, as a substrate, directly fuels ACAT-1-catalyzed esterification reactions. Insulin activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, indirectly promoting ACAT-1 activity by facilitating its translocation to cellular membranes. SREBP-1 Activator (SAG) increases ACAT-1 expression by activating SREBP-1, a transcription factor regulating ACAT-1 gene expression.

Additionally, compounds like PPARγ Agonist (Rosiglitazone) and Liver X Receptor Agonist (T0901317) activate transcription factors that influence ACAT-1 expression. AMPK Activator (AICAR) indirectly supports ACAT-1 by inhibiting ACC and relieving negative regulation. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Lovastatin) indirectly activates ACAT-1 by reducing cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, mTOR Activator (Leucine) stimulates ACAT-1 expression through mTOR-mediated lipid metabolism pathways, while ERK1/2 Activator (EGF) influences signaling pathways associated with cholesterol esterification. SIRT1 Activator (Resveratrol) inhibits ACAT-1 by deacetylating its regulatory proteins, while PKC Activator (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) affects lipid metabolism pathways indirectly related to ACAT-1.