1700042B14Rik Activators
Chemical activators of claudin 34B2 can initiate a cascade of intracellular events that modulate the protein's role in tight junction dynamics. Calcium chloride, by increasing intracellular calcium levels, can activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, leading to the phosphorylation of claudin 34B2 and thus enhancing its capacity to maintain tight junction integrity. Similarly, thapsigargin, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, causes a surge in cytosolic calcium which then activates kinases that phosphorylate claudin 34B2. Ionomycin also raises intracellular calcium, using a different mechanism as a calcium ionophore, but ultimately resulting in the activation of the same calcium-dependent pathways that phosphorylate and activate claudin 34B2. Histamine triggers an influx of calcium by binding to its receptors, and hydrogen peroxide, acting as a signaling molecule, may influence kinases that phosphorylate claudin 34B2, thereby participating in the modulation of tight junctions. Zinc chloride has a similar effect but operates by modulating the activity of kinases and phosphatases that can phosphorylate claudin 34B2.
In parallel, ATP, through its action on purinergic receptors, and Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), both result in the phosphorylation of claudin 34B2. Forskolin raises cAMP levels, which then activate PKA, and this kinase similarly targets claudin 34B2 for phosphorylation. 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), a DAG analog, activates PKC, which also leads to the phosphorylation and activation of claudin 34B2. The cyclic nucleotides, cGMP and the nitric oxide donor S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, via PKG, can mediate the phosphorylation events that activate claudin 34B2. Collectively, these chemical activators utilize different pathways to converge on the phosphorylation and activation of claudin 34B2, thereby influencing tight junction composition and function.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium chloride anhydrous | 10043-52-4 | sc-207392 sc-207392A | 100 g 500 g | $65.00 $262.00 | 1 | |
Calcium chloride can increase intracellular calcium levels, which is a known second messenger in various signaling pathways. Elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which in turn can lead to the phosphorylation of claudin 34B2, resulting in the functional activation of the protein's tight junction assembly and barrier functions. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SARCO/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitor that leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium concentrations. The rise in intracellular calcium can activate kinases that phosphorylate claudin 34B2, leading to its functional activation and the reinforcement of tight junction integrity. | ||||||
ADP | 58-64-0 | sc-507362 | 5 g | $53.00 | ||
ATP, when released into the extracellular space, can act on purinergic receptors to increase intracellular calcium concentrations. This surge in calcium can then activate signaling pathways that lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of claudin 34B2, enhancing its role in tight junctions. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate a wide range of substrate proteins. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of claudin 34B2 could result in the protein's functional activation, contributing to the regulation of tight junction dynamics and permeability. | ||||||
1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol | 60514-48-9 | sc-202397 sc-202397A | 10 mg 50 mg | $46.00 $249.00 | 2 | |
DiC8 is a synthetic analog of diacylglycerol (DAG) and can activate protein kinase C (PKC). PKC activation can lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of claudin 34B2, affecting tight junction organization and barrier function. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, which can then activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways. These pathways can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of claudin 34B2, thus modulating the structure and function of tight junctions within epithelial and endothelial cells. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can bind to its receptors on the cell surface and initiate an intracellular signaling cascade that results in the elevation of intracellular calcium. This rise in calcium can activate kinases, which then phosphorylate and activate claudin 34B2, potentially influencing tight junction assembly and function. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
Hydrogen peroxide serves as a signaling molecule that can modulate the activity of various kinases through oxidative mechanisms. These kinases could phosphorylate and activate claudin 34B2, altering the tight junction dynamics in response to oxidative stress signals. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $47.00 | ||
Zinc ions can modulate the activity of multiple signaling molecules, including kinases and phosphatases. By influencing these enzymes, zinc can lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of claudin 34B2, affecting tight junction integrity. | ||||||
Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 7665-99-8 | sc-257569 sc-257569A | 5 mg 25 mg | $74.00 $249.00 | ||
cGMP, as a secondary messenger, can activate protein kinase G (PKG). PKG can then phosphorylate substrates that may interact with claudin 34B2, leading to the functional activation of the protein and the enhancement of tight junction formation and maintenance. | ||||||