TMEM136 Activators
TMEM136 operate through various molecular mechanisms to increase the intracellular concentration of second messengers like cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a common pathway for the activation of this protein. Forskolin is known for its direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase, which in turn elevates cAMP levels, creating an environment conducive to the activation of TMEM136. Isoproterenol functions through its interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors, encouraging adenylate cyclase activity and consequently raising cAMP levels. The heightened cAMP then activates protein kinase A (PKA), which may lead to the activation of TMEM136. Likewise, IBMX contributes to this process by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, the enzymes responsible for cAMP breakdown, thus sustaining elevated cAMP concentrations and promoting PKA-mediated activation of TMEM136.
cAMP modulation, other chemical activators such as PGE1, Epinephrine, and Histamine bind to their respective G protein-coupled receptors, leading to increased adenylate cyclase activity and a subsequent rise in cAMP. This cascade of events is pivotal for the activation of PKA, which then triggers the activation of TMEM136. Dibutyryl-cAMP bypasses cell surface receptors and directly activates PKA, streamlining the activation of TMEM136. Additionally, molecules like L-Arginine and Sildenafil focus on the synthesis and preservation of cyclic GMP (cGMP), which can engage in cross-talk with the cAMP pathway, thereby influencing the activity of TMEM136. Zaprinast and Rolipram, which inhibit phosphodiesterases responsible for cGMP and cAMP degradation respectively, also contribute to the pool of cyclic nucleotides capable of activating TMEM136. Each of these chemical activators, through their unique interactions with cellular signaling pathways, plays a role in modulating the activity state of TMEM136.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that increases intracellular levels of cAMP by stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors and subsequently activating adenylate cyclase. The increased cAMP levels activate PKA, which then phosphorylates and activates downstream targets, potentially including TMEM136 as part of the pathway. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP breakdown, IBMX can raise the levels of cAMP within the cell, thereby promoting PKA activation and subsequent activation of TMEM136 as part of the cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. | ||||||
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) | 745-65-3 | sc-201223 sc-201223A | 1 mg 10 mg | $31.00 $145.00 | 16 | |
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) activates adenylate cyclase through its G protein-coupled receptor, leading to increased cAMP production. This rise in cAMP may activate PKA and lead to the activation of proteins within the cAMP signaling pathway, including TMEM136. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine, through its action on adrenergic receptors, can stimulate adenylate cyclase activity, which results in increased cAMP levels. The cAMP produced activates PKA, which may lead to the activation of TMEM136 as it is involved in processes regulated by cAMP signaling. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), which might lead to the activation of TMEM136 as part of an adaptive cellular stress response. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a membrane-permeable cAMP analog that directly activates PKA. By activating PKA, downstream targets in the cAMP-dependent pathway could be activated, which includes the potential activation of TMEM136. | ||||||
L-Arginine | 74-79-3 | sc-391657B sc-391657 sc-391657A sc-391657C sc-391657D | 5 g 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $20.00 $31.00 $61.00 $219.00 $352.00 | 2 | |
L-Arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide (NO). NO can activate guanylate cyclase, increasing levels of cyclic GMP (cGMP), which could cross-activate cAMP pathways and result in the activation of TMEM136 as part of these signaling processes. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $105.00 $250.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterases that specifically degrade cGMP, leading to increased cGMP levels that might cross-talk with cAMP signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of TMEM136. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can stimulate H2 receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels. This elevation in cAMP could activate PKA, which in turn may activate TMEM136 as part of the cAMP signaling pathway. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4, an enzyme that degrades cAMP. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to increased cAMP levels, which activates PKA, potentially leading to the activation of TMEM136 within the cAMP signaling pathway. | ||||||