Date published: 2025-9-17

1-800-457-3801

SCBT Portrait Logo
Seach Input

TLR4 Activators

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a critical role in the innate immune system's response to pathogens. They are expressed on various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. TLRs recognize and bind to a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are conserved structures found on the surfaces of many different microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. TLRs are composed of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain. The extracellular domain contains leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), which are responsible for binding to PAMPs. The transmembrane region anchors the receptor in the cell membrane, and the intracellular domain contains a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is essential for signaling. Upon binding to a PAMP, TLRs recruit adapter proteins to their intracellular domain, initiating a signaling cascade that leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines. This results in the activation of immune cells and the recruitment of other immune cells to the site of infection. There are 10 human TLRs, each of which recognizes a different set of PAMPs. TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10 are located on the cell surface and recognize bacterial and fungal components, while TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located in intracellular compartments and recognize viral and bacterial nucleic acids. The activation of TLRs is tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate activation of the immune system, which can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Dysregulation of TLR signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. In summary, TLRs are critical components of the innate immune system, recognizing a wide range of microbial pathogens and initiating signaling pathways that lead to the activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines. TLR4 activators offered by Santa Cruz Biotechnology activate TLR4 and, in some cases, other transmembrane proteins.
Product NameCAS #Catalog #QUANTITYPriceCitationsRATING

LPS

sc-3535
sc-3535A
sc-3535B
10 mg
25 mg
100 mg
$110.00
$230.00
$415.00
111
(7)

LPS, a potent ligand for TLR4, is a complex glycolipid that triggers robust immune responses through its unique structural motifs. Its lipid A component interacts specifically with TLR4, leading to receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This interaction promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, shaping the immune landscape. LPS's structural variability among bacterial species influences its immunogenicity and receptor affinity, highlighting its role in pathogen recognition.

Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5

93572-42-0sc-221855
sc-221855A
sc-221855B
sc-221855C
10 mg
25 mg
100 mg
500 mg
$96.00
$166.00
$459.00
$1615.00
12
(2)

LPS is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It activates TLR4 by binding to the MD-2/TLR4 receptor complex, triggering an inflammatory response.

Lipopolysaccharide, Re 595

sc-221856
5 mg
$325.00
(1)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serves as a critical activator of TLR4, engaging in intricate molecular interactions that initiate immune signaling. Its unique lipid A structure facilitates receptor clustering, which is essential for the activation of various intracellular pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species. The distinct fatty acid composition of LPS influences its binding affinity and stability, affecting the kinetics of immune responses and the overall inflammatory milieu. This variability underscores its role in modulating host-pathogen interactions.

Kdo2-Lipid A

123621-04-5 (free base)sc-396556
1 mg
$204.00
1
(0)

Kdo2-Lipid A (CAS 123621-04-5) functions as a TLR4 inhibitor, modulating immune response via interaction with Toll-like receptor 4, impacting cellular signaling.

Resatorvid

243984-11-4sc-476758
5 mg
$360.00
(0)

This small molecule compound selectively inhibits TLR4 signaling by binding to a specific region of the TLR4 receptor, preventing its activation in response to LPS.

R-848

144875-48-9sc-203231
sc-203231A
sc-203231B
sc-203231C
5 mg
25 mg
100 mg
500 mg
$100.00
$300.00
$500.00
$1528.00
12
(1)

R-848 is a synthetic compound. It activates TLR4 indirectly by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to TLR4 activation.

Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4, Hydrochloride

112208-00-1sc-507471
2 mg
$550.00
(0)

Pam3CSK4 is a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide. It activates TLR4 by binding to TLR2/TLR1 heterodimers, leading to TLR4 activation indirectly through a cross-talk mechanism.

Imiquimod

99011-02-6sc-200385
sc-200385A
100 mg
500 mg
$66.00
$278.00
6
(1)

Imiquimod is a synthetic compound used in topical creams. It activates TLR4 indirectly by promoting the release of cytokines and chemokines that can activate TLR4 signaling pathways.

Gardiquimod

1020412-43-4sc-221663
sc-221663A
sc-221663B
sc-221663C
sc-221663D
sc-221663E
sc-221663F
25 mg
50 mg
100 mg
250 mg
5 g
10 g
25 g
$154.00
$276.00
$506.00
$1154.00
$19743.00
$32136.00
$69366.00
1
(1)

Gardiquimod is a synthetic compound. It can activate TLR4 indirectly by promoting the release of cytokines and chemokines that activate TLR4 signaling pathways.