SGSM2 Activators
Forskolin, by stimulating adenylyl cyclase, increases intracellular cAMP levels, thereby activating PKA, which can phosphorylate substrates that could include SGSM2. IBMX works in tandem with Forskolin by inhibiting the degradation of cAMP, thus sustaining PKA activation and the phosphorylation cascade that may affect SGSM2. PMA triggers the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a wide range of proteins within the cell. PKC activation can lead to modifications in SGSM2's activity by altering its phosphorylation state or that of associated regulatory proteins. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), through its receptor, activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, which can indirectly modulate SGSM2's function through a series of phosphorylation events within the cell. Calcium ion flux is another regulator of SGSM2 activity. Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). These kinases, once activated, can phosphorylate a panoply of proteins, potentially affecting SGSM2. Thapsigargin also raises cytosolic calcium levels, impacting CaMKs and consequently SGSM2 activity.
The activity of phosphatases like PP1 and PP2A is crucial for the dephosphorylation of proteins. Inhibitors of these phosphatases, such as Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A, lead to increased phosphorylation within the cell. This hyperphosphorylated environment can indirectly affect the activity of SGSM2. Staurosporine, though a broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor, can paradoxically increase SGSM2 activity by inhibiting negative regulatory kinases. Conversely, KN-93 inhibits CaMKII, which can influence downstream signaling pathways and alter SGSM2 activity. U73122's inhibition of phospholipase C impacts PKC and calcium signaling pathways, both of which can modulate SGSM2. Bisindolylmaleimide I, as a specific PKC inhibitor, can alter downstream effects on proteins, including those regulating SGSM2.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which can activate PKA. PKA can then phosphorylate multiple targets, potentially including SGSM2, to modulate its activity. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX acts as a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. This results in elevated cAMP levels, which can enhance PKA activity and, in turn, influence SGSM2 activity through phosphorylation. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in various signaling pathways. PKC can phosphorylate a wide range of proteins, which may include SGSM2 or its regulators, altering its activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium concentration, which can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). These kinases can then phosphorylate and change the activity of various proteins, potentially including SGSM2. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin disrupts calcium storage and increases cytosolic calcium levels, which can activate CaMKs and possibly lead to the modulation of SGSM2 activity through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid acts as an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels within the cell, which can indirectly affect SGSM2 activity through altered phosphorylation states. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Similar to Okadaic Acid, Calyculin A inhibits protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, potentially resulting in increased phosphorylation of proteins, including SGSM2 or its associated regulatory proteins. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $150.00 $388.00 | 113 | |
Staurosporine is a potent, non-specific inhibitor of protein kinases. It can inadvertently increase SGSM2 activity by inhibiting kinases that negatively regulate SGSM2. | ||||||
KN-93 | 139298-40-1 | sc-202199 | 1 mg | $178.00 | 25 | |
KN-93 is an inhibitor of CaMKII. By inhibiting CaMKII, KN-93 can influence downstream signaling pathways, which may result in the modulation of SGSM2 activity. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a specific inhibitor of PKC. By modulating PKC activity, it can influence downstream effects on proteins, potentially including those that regulate SGSM2 activity. | ||||||