Rpb4 Activators
Rpb4, a subunit of RNA polymerase II, plays a crucial role in transcription initiation and elongation processes in eukaryotic cells. Its activation is tightly regulated to ensure proper gene expression and cellular functions. Activation of Rpb4 can be achieved through various mechanisms involving the modulation of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation. Chemicals such as forskolin and retinoic acid directly activate Rpb4 by stimulating signaling cascades that lead to its phosphorylation and subsequent functional activation. Additionally, compounds like sodium butyrate and valproic acid indirectly activate Rpb4 by inhibiting histone deacetylases, resulting in changes in chromatin structure and gene expression that favor Rpb4 activation.
Furthermore, molecules such as lithium chloride and PMA activate Rpb4 indirectly by modulating the activity of downstream effectors in signaling pathways like Wnt and protein kinase C, respectively. These pathways converge on Rpb4, promoting its activation and facilitating transcriptional processes. Overall, understanding the diverse mechanisms of Rpb4 activation mediated by various chemical activators provides insights into the intricate regulation of gene expression and cellular responses in physiological and pathological contexts.
Items 1 to 10 of 12 total
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates protein kinase A (PKA) by directly stimulating adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels. This activation of PKA can subsequently lead to the activation of Rpb4. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which then act as transcription factors to regulate gene expression. This can indirectly activate Rpb4 by modulating the expression of genes involved in its activation pathway. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, leading to increased histone acetylation and gene expression. This can indirectly activate Rpb4 by promoting the expression of genes involved in its activation pathway. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Activation of Wnt signaling can indirectly activate Rpb4 through downstream signaling events. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates various downstream targets involved in signal transduction pathways. This activation can indirectly activate Rpb4 by modulating the activity of its downstream effectors. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable analog of cyclic AMP (cAMP) that activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA activation can lead to the phosphorylation of Rpb4, thereby activating its function in transcription. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $85.00 | 9 | |
Valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs), leading to increased histone acetylation and gene expression. This can indirectly activate Rpb4 by promoting the expression of genes involved in its activation pathway. | ||||||
Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate | 13755-38-9 | sc-203395 sc-203395A sc-203395B | 1 g 5 g 100 g | $42.00 $83.00 $155.00 | 7 | |
Sodium nitroferricyanide acts as a nitric oxide donor, which activates guanylate cyclase, leading to increased levels of cyclic GMP (cGMP). Elevated cGMP levels can indirectly activate Rpb4 through downstream signaling cascades. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid inhibits protein phosphatases, leading to the hyperphosphorylation of various proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. This hyperphosphorylation can indirectly activate Rpb4 by modulating its phosphorylation status. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $150.00 $388.00 | 113 | |
Staurosporine is a broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor that can block the activity of various kinases involved in signal transduction pathways. This inhibition may indirectly activate Rpb4 by preventing negative regulation of its activation pathways. | ||||||