Rap 2C Activators
Rap 2C Activators are chemical compounds that enhance the signaling functions of Rap 2C through various pathways, primarily involving the elevation of intracellular cAMP and subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Compounds such as Forskolin, Isoproterenol, Epinephrine, and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interact with different receptors or directly with adenylyl cyclase to increase the levels of cAMP, which activates PKA. This kinase then facilitates Rap 2C activation, enhancing its role in cellular signaling processes. For example, Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, which leads to the activation of Rap 2C by promoting its translocation to the plasma membrane where it becomes involved in cell signaling. Similarly, Epinephrine, through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, leads to increased cAMP and PKA activation, thus indirectly enhancing the activity of Rap 2C in cellular processes like platelet aggregation. PGE2, by interacting with its receptors, also elevates cAMP, with PKA then activating Rap 2C, which is important in modulating inflammation and vasodilation.
Additionally, compounds such as 8-Bromo-cAMP, a phosphodiesterase-resistant cAMP analog, and Rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, prevent the breakdown of cAMP, maintaining PKA activation and thereby sustaining Rap 2C signaling. IBMX, another non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, and Zardaverine, a dual PDE3/4 inhibitor, both increase cAMP levels, indirectly facilitating Rap 2C activity in processes such as neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle relaxation. PTH (1-34) and Glucagon, through their respective receptors, also elevate cAMP and activate PKA, subsequently enhancing Rap 2C's involvement in calcium homeostasis and metabolic regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP levels within cells. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate Rap 2C by promoting its translocation to the plasma membrane where it exerts its function in cell signaling. | ||||||
8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 23583-48-4 | sc-217493B sc-217493 sc-217493A sc-217493C sc-217493D | 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $108.00 $169.00 $295.00 $561.00 $835.00 | 2 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that resists degradation by phosphodiesterases. This compound sustains activation of PKA, which can lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Rap 2C, enhancing its signaling capacities in processes such as integrin-mediated cell adhesion. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that elevates intracellular cAMP levels by stimulating adenylyl cyclase. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which indirectly leads to the activation of Rap 2C by phosphorylation, promoting its downstream signaling effects. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with beta-adrenergic receptors, ultimately leading to increased cAMP production and PKA activation. This cascade can result in the activation of Rap 2C, enhancing its role in processes like endothelial barrier function and platelet aggregation. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $48.00 $300.00 $572.00 $1040.00 $2601.00 $4682.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine engages with its receptors to elevate cAMP levels, thereby activating PKA. PKA then facilitates the activation of Rap 2C, which is involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, including cell junction assembly and cell migration. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which prevents the breakdown of cAMP. This leads to increased PKA activity and can enhance the activation of Rap 2C, thus amplifying its role in signal transduction pathways related to cell morphology and motility. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, resulting in elevated cAMP levels and PKA activation. This can indirectly promote the activation of Rap 2C, influencing its involvement in cellular processes such as exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 interacts with EP receptors, causing an increase in cAMP production. PKA is activated by cAMP, which then can phosphorylate and activate Rap 2C. This activation is important in inflammatory response modulation and vasodilation. | ||||||
Parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) | 52232-67-4 | sc-487943 | 100 µg | $185.00 | ||
PTH (1-34) is an active fragment of parathyroid hormone that stimulates cAMP production via the PTH/PTHrP receptor. This results in PKA activation, which can lead to the activation of Rap 2C, influencing calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. | ||||||
Zardaverine | 101975-10-4 | sc-201208 sc-201208A | 5 mg 25 mg | $88.00 $379.00 | 1 | |
Zardaverine is a dual PDE3/4 inhibitor that increases cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation. This activation may lead to enhanced Rap 2C activity, which is involved in smooth muscle relaxation and anti-inflammatory processes. | ||||||