PlGF2 Activators
Placental Growth Factor-2 (PlGF-2) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and is implicated in the orchestration of angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones. This protein is particularly noteworthy for its role in angiogenesis related to placental development. PlGF-2 binds to the receptor VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These activities are crucial for the vascular network formation that is essential for supplying nutrients and oxygen to various tissues. Moreover, PlGF-2 expression is not limited to placental tissue; it is also found in the heart, lung, thyroid, and skeletal muscles, highlighting its significance in a broader biological context. The expression of PlGF-2 is tightly regulated by a variety of intracellular and extracellular cues that ensure its involvement in physiological processes, including embryogenesis and wound healing.
Certain chemical compounds have been identified that can potentially induce the expression of PlGF-2. For example, cobalt chloride is known to mimic hypoxic conditions that stabilize hypoxia-inducible factors, leading to the increased expression of PlGF-2 among other hypoxia-responsive genes. Similarly, deferoxamine, by chelating iron, interferes with the degradation of these hypoxia-inducible factors, enhancing PlGF-2 expression. Compounds like tretinoin, which is a metabolite of vitamin A, work through different mechanisms, interacting with nuclear receptors that can stimulate the transcription of genes involved in angiogenic processes. Moreover, prostaglandin E2, which plays a role in inflammation, can induce the expression of PlGF-2, likely as part of the body's effort to repair tissue and build new vasculature. These molecules, among others, have been shown to influence the expression levels of PlGF-2, indicating the protein's sensitivity to a diverse array of signals. Understanding the conditions and compounds that can induce PlGF-2 expression is crucial for elucidating the complex regulation of angiogenesis and the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cobalt(II) chloride | 7646-79-9 | sc-252623 sc-252623A | 5 g 100 g | $63.00 $173.00 | 7 | |
Cobalt chloride can mimic hypoxia by stabilizing HIF-1 alpha, leading to the transcriptional activation of hypoxia-responsive genes such as PlGF-2. This stabilization often results in the upregulation of angiogenesis-related proteins, including PlGF-2, as part of the adaptive response to low oxygen conditions. | ||||||
Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) | 89464-63-1 | sc-200755 sc-200755A sc-200755B sc-200755C | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $82.00 $295.00 $367.00 $764.00 | 25 | |
This compound inhibits the activity of prolyl hydroxylase, which increases the stability of HIF-1 alpha, and in turn, can enhance the transcription and subsequent expression of PlGF-2. HIF-1 alpha is a key transcription factor that responds to oxygen levels and can stimulate the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis. | ||||||
L-Mimosine | 500-44-7 | sc-201536A sc-201536B sc-201536 sc-201536C | 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $35.00 $86.00 $216.00 $427.00 | 8 | |
L-Mimosine, a non-protein amino acid derived from plants, acts as a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor which can lead to the accumulation of HIF-1 alpha and the subsequent upsurge in PlGF-2 expression. The process mimics hypoxic conditions, thereby stimulating the angiogenic response within the cellular environment. | ||||||
Deferoxamine | 70-51-9 | sc-507390 | 5 mg | $250.00 | ||
As an iron chelator, deferoxamine disrupts the normal degradation of HIF-1 alpha, facilitating its stabilization and accumulation. This accumulation can promote the transcription of PlGF-2, as HIF-1 alpha directly binds to hypoxia-responsive elements in the promoter region of genes like PlGF-2 that are crucial for angiogenesis. | ||||||
Copper(II) sulfate | 7758-98-7 | sc-211133 sc-211133A sc-211133B | 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $45.00 $120.00 $185.00 | 3 | |
Copper(II) sulfate may induce the expression of PlGF-2 by enhancing the activity of HIF-1 alpha or through other copper-dependent enzymes that play a role in angiogenesis. The presence of copper is essential for various enzymatic reactions that can lead to the upregulation of factors involved in the formation of new blood vessels. | ||||||
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | sc-201445 sc-201445A | 100 mg 500 mg | $109.00 $350.00 | 8 | |
Thalidomide has been shown to induce the expression of PlGF-2 in certain contexts. Although primarily recognized for its teratogenic and anti-angiogenic effects, thalidomide can paradoxically upregulate PlGF-2 through mechanisms that might involve the alteration of immune response and inflammatory cytokine production. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic Acid, all trans, a derivative of vitamin A, is involved in cellular differentiation and can stimulate the upregulation of PlGF-2. It functions by binding to retinoic acid receptors, which then interact with retinoic acid response elements in the genome, leading to the increased transcription of genes including those related to angiogenesis. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
PGE2, through its interaction with specific prostaglandin receptors, can stimulate the expression of PlGF-2 as part of the inflammatory response. PGE2 is known to induce vasodilation and increase vascular permeability, processes that are often accompanied by the upregulation of angiogenic factors to promote healing and tissue repair. | ||||||