PIGF-2 Activators
PIGF-2, or Placental Growth Factor-2, is one of the pivotal molecules in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, primarily associated with angiogenesis-the formation of new blood vessels. As a dimeric glycoprotein, it exerts significant influence on cellular processes related to the growth and maintenance of vascular networks. The expression of PIGF-2 is a complex event tightly controlled by various cellular mechanisms, and its upregulation can be induced by a multitude of factors, particularly under conditions that simulate a hypoxic or low-oxygen environment. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), for instance, become stabilized under low oxygen levels and can activate the transcription of genes like PIGF-2, which are embedded in the response to hypoxic stress. Chemicals that can modulate the stability of such transcription factors or mimic hypoxic conditions are at the forefront of research into the regulation of angiogenic factors.
Understanding the chemical inducers that can elevate PIGF-2 expression provides insight into the intricate web of signaling pathways that govern angiogenesis. Compounds such as Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and Desferrioxamine (DFO) are known to simulate hypoxic conditions by affecting the stability of HIF-1α, thereby potentially enhancing the transcription of PIGF-2. Other molecules, such as the adenylate cyclase activator Forskolin, increase intracellular cAMP levels, which can further influence genes involved in vascular development. In the realm of hormonal influence, substances like Estrogen (17-beta estradiol) have been observed to upregulate angiogenic genes by interacting with specific receptor sites. Additionally, small molecules that affect DNA methylation or acetylation states, such as 5-Azacytidine, are known to alter gene expression patterns, which may include genes like PIGF-2. The exploration of such compounds extends our comprehension of the regulatory networks that can induce the expression of angiogenic factors and expands our knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of vascular growth and maintenance.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) | 89464-63-1 | sc-200755 sc-200755A sc-200755B sc-200755C | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $84.00 $301.00 $374.00 $779.00 | 25 | |
DMOG stabilizes HIF-1α, which can then transactivate genes by binding to hypoxia-responsive elements, potentially upregulating PIGF-2 as part of the angiogenic response to hypoxia. | ||||||
Deferoxamine | 70-51-9 | sc-507390 | 5 mg | $255.00 | ||
As a chelator of iron, DFO simulates hypoxic conditions by stabilizing HIF-1α, which may subsequently stimulate the expression of hypoxia-inducible genes such as PIGF-2. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
A beta-adrenergic agonist that, through cAMP-mediated signaling pathways, may enhance the transcription of genes like PIGF-2 that are involved in angiogenic responses. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
By activating adenylate cyclase, Forskolin increases intracellular cAMP levels and can stimulate the expression of genes like PIGF-2 that are implicated in vascular remodeling. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
PGE2, through its interaction with EP receptors and subsequent activation of PKA signaling, may upregulate the expression of angiogenic genes including PIGF-2. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $63.00 $182.00 | 8 | |
β-Estradiol can stimulate the transcription of genes that promote angiogenesis, including the upregulation of PIGF-2, by binding to estrogen receptors that interact with gene promoter regions. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
A DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that can lead to hypomethylation of gene promoters, potentially stimulating PIGF-2 gene transcription in response to altered chromatin states. | ||||||
Cobalt(II) chloride | 7646-79-9 | sc-252623 sc-252623A | 5 g 100 g | $64.00 $176.00 | 7 | |
By mimicking hypoxic conditions, Cobalt(II) chloride can lead to HIF-1α stabilization and subsequent transcriptional activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, potentially including PIGF-2. | ||||||
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | sc-201445 sc-201445A | 100 mg 500 mg | $111.00 $357.00 | 8 | |
Through its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, Thalidomide may upregulate the expression of angiogenic factors, including PIGF-2, particularly in pathological conditions. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol can upregulate PIGF-2 expression potentially through its effects on SIRT1 activation and influence on HIF-1α, which is known to control the expression of angiogenic factors under oxidative stress. | ||||||