NTT4 Activators
Nucleotide transporters are critical in maintaining cellular energy balance, mediating the transfer of vital energy substrates such as ATP and ADP across membranes. Activators of these transporters typically function by either augmenting the demand for nucleotides within the cell, which can result in the upregulation of the transporter's expression and activity, or by altering cellular conditions in a manner that necessitates enhanced transporter function to maintain homeostasis. In this context, compounds that elevate intracellular cAMP levels, such as db-cAMP, can stimulate the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which may enhance the expression of nucleotide transporters by promoting transcription factor activity. Similarly, compounds like AICAR activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular energy status, which, in response to an energy deficit, can trigger an increase in nucleotide transporter expression and activity to boost the supply of ATP and other nucleotides.
Further to direct effects on transcription and protein expression, other compounds work by modulating the electrochemical gradient across membranes, which is an essential determinant of nucleotide transporter function. Ionophores like valinomycin dissipate the proton gradient across membranes, an action that may indirectly stimulate nucleotide transport to rebalance ionic differences. Inhibition of ATP synthesis through agents like oligomycin causes an intracellular increase in ADP levels, possibly enhancing nucleotide exchange across the mitochondrial membrane, which could upregulate NTT4 activity if it participates in mitochondrial nucleotide exchange. Beta-adrenergic agents, such as isoproterenol, elevate cAMP and activate PKA, which might also lead to an increased presence of nucleotide transporters like NTT4 on the cell membrane. Additionally, modulators of intracellular ions, such as calcium ionophores, can impact nucleotide transporter activity by creating a demand for ATP-linked processes, such as those mediated by calcium ATPases. Zinc, a vital cofactor for nucleotide metabolism enzymes, might affect transporter activity by altering nucleotide turnover rates. Cellular metabolites like pyruvate affect the ATP/ADP ratio, indirectly influencing nucleotide transporter activity to fulfill the cellular energy demands. Therefore, a broad spectrum of chemical agents can modulate the activity of nucleotide transporters by influencing the various cellular parameters that govern their functionality.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
db-cAMP is an analog of cAMP that can permeate cell membranes and activate protein kinase A (PKA) intracellularly. PKA can upregulate transcription factors that enhance the expression of nucleotide transporters, potentially increasing NTT4 transporter levels and activity. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $65.00 $280.00 $400.00 | 48 | |
AICAR is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Upon activation, AMPK can induce a cascade of responses to cellular energy depletion, potentially increasing the demand for nucleotide transport and upregulating the expression and activity of nucleotide transporters like NTT4. | ||||||
Nicotinamide riboside | 1341-23-7 | sc-507345 | 10 mg | $411.00 | ||
Nicotinamide riboside is a precursor of NAD+, a vital molecule in metabolism. Supplementation with nicotinamide riboside can increase NAD+ levels, which could upregulate the NAD+ salvage pathway and, indirectly, nucleotide transport activity, potentially affecting NTT4. | ||||||
Valinomycin | 2001-95-8 | sc-200991 | 25 mg | $250.00 | 3 | |
Valinomycin acts as a K+ ionophore, disrupting membrane potential. By altering ion gradients, valinomycin can indirectly necessitate increased nucleotide transport to restore balance, potentially increasing the activity of nucleotide transporters such as NTT4. | ||||||
Oligomycin | 1404-19-9 | sc-203342 sc-203342C | 10 mg 1 g | $149.00 $12495.00 | 18 | |
Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase, which could lead to increased ADP levels inside mitochondria. This may enhance the demand for ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial membrane, potentially increasing NTT4 activity if it is localized to mitochondria and involved in such transport. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors leading to increased cAMP and PKA activity. This can elevate the transcription and insertion of nucleotide transporters in the plasma membrane, possibly enhancing NTT4 function if it's responsive to such signaling. | ||||||
ATP | 56-65-5 | sc-507511 | 5 g | $17.00 | ||
Extracellular ATP acting through P2 receptors can modulate intracellular processes including increasing intracellular calcium levels, which could modulate the activity of certain nucleotide transporters and potentially increase the function of NTT4. | ||||||
Ouabain-d3 (Major) | sc-478417 | 1 mg | $516.00 | |||
Ouabain inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase leading to increased intracellular Na+, which may influence other ionic balances and could indirectly enhance the activity of nucleotide transporters as cells attempt to restore ionic homeostasis, potentially affecting NTT4. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
Zinc can act as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism and may influence nucleotide transport. Increasing zinc concentrations could indirectly modulate the activity of nucleotide transporters, including NTT4, to maintain nucleotide homeostasis. | ||||||
Pyruvic acid | 127-17-3 | sc-208191 sc-208191A | 25 g 100 g | $41.00 $96.00 | ||
Pyruvate is a key intermediate in cellular respiration and can affect cellular energy levels. By influencing the ATP/ADP ratio, pyruvate supplementation may indirectly modulate nucleotide transport activity, which could affect NTT4 if it's involved in transporting these molecules. | ||||||