MASP-2 Activators

MASP-2 plays a crucial role in the complement system, specifically in the lectin pathway, where it contributes to the recognition of pathogens and triggers the complement cascade. Chemicals such as E-64 and Epoxomicin can enhance the activation of MASP-2, as they lead to the accumulation of undegraded proteins, which can trigger the activation of the complement system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Zymosan can directly activate the lectin pathway of the complement system, thereby enhancing the functional activity of MASP-2.

In addition, A23187 and Ionomycin can increase intracellular calcium levels, potentially leading to the activation of the complement system and thus enhancing the functional activity of MASP-2. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), and its activation can lead to the release of cytokines that can activate the complement system, thereby enhancing the functional activity of MASP-2. N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) can activate neutrophils, causing the release of components that can stimulate the complement system, hence enhancing MASP-2 activity. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), Imiquimod, and Pam3CSK4, all act as stimulants to the immune system, which includes activation of the complement system and consequently enhancing the functional activity of MASP-2. Nigericin, a potassium ionophore, can disrupt cellular ion balance, which could potentially lead to the activation of the complement system, thereby enhancing the functional activity of MASP-2.