ICOS Activators
ICOS Activators are a class of compounds known to influence the Inducible T cell COStimulator (ICOS), a protein found on the surface of activated T cells. Though direct activation might not be well-documented, several chemicals can indirectly affect ICOS expression or function by targeting various interconnected pathways and cellular processes. For instance, PMA, a diester of phorbol, can activate Protein Kinase C, a pathway known to enhance ICOS expression. Similarly, Ionomycin, by elevating intracellular calcium levels, can upregulate ICOS when acting in tandem with other signals.
Pathway modulators like LPS, which targets Toll-like receptors, especially TLR4, can activate diverse immune cells and indirectly elevate ICOS expression. Curcumin and Resveratrol, with their well-documented effects on T cell responses, also play a role in modulating ICOS expression. Other compounds like Forskolin, which increases cyclic AMP levels, and Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, modulate cellular signaling, subsequently influencing ICOS expression on T cells. The versatility and diversity of these compounds underline the complex regulation of ICOS in T cell biology.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a diester of phorbol and is known to activate Protein Kinase C (PKC). Activating PKC can indirectly enhance ICOS expression on T cells. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $96.00 $264.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore which increases intracellular calcium concentrations. Elevated calcium can upregulate ICOS in T cells in conjunction with other signals. | ||||||
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $98.00 $171.00 $425.00 $1560.00 | 12 | |
LPS activates Toll-like receptors, especially TLR4, leading to activation of various immune cells. This can indirectly elevate ICOS expression on certain T cells. | ||||||
Concanavalin A | 11028-71-0 | sc-203007 sc-203007A sc-203007B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $119.00 $364.00 $947.00 | 17 | |
Concanavalin A stimulates T cells leading to a range of responses including upregulation of surface molecules like ICOS. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $37.00 $69.00 $109.00 $218.00 $239.00 $879.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin is known to modulate T cell responses. While it has multiple effects, it can influence the pathways leading to ICOS expression. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol has been shown to affect T cell activation and proliferation, which can influence ICOS expression on T cells. | ||||||
Oleanolic Acid | 508-02-1 | sc-205775 sc-205775A | 100 mg 500 mg | $86.00 $302.00 | 8 | |
Oleanolic acid is known to modulate immune responses, influencing pathways that could affect ICOS expression. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cyclic AMP levels. Elevated cAMP can have downstream effects that influence ICOS expression. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $45.00 $164.00 $200.00 $402.00 $575.00 $981.00 $2031.00 | 46 | |
Genistein is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and can modulate T cell receptor signaling. Changes in this pathway can indirectly affect ICOS levels. | ||||||