GGL Activators
GGL, also known as gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 (GGT5), holds significance in the domain of cellular biochemistry, particularly regarding its ability to cleave the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione. The activity of GGL is crucial for glutathione homeostasis, which is pivotal in maintaining cellular redox balance. Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide, naturally stands out as a direct modulator of GGL's function. Elevated levels of GSH might serve as increased substrate availability, fostering enhanced enzymatic activity of GGL. This relationship emphasizes the close link between GGL's enzymatic function and cellular redox modulation.
Various amino acids, including L-Leucine, L-Cysteine, Methionine, and Glycine, play roles either as components of glutathione or in pathways closely associated with the gamma-glutamyl cycle. An increase in these amino acids can indirectly impact GGL's activity by altering the metabolic processes tied to glutathione synthesis, utilization, and turnover. Compounds like N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Acivicin, known to modulate other gamma-glutamyl transferases, provide opportunities to understand the mechanistic nuances and distinct substrate specificities of GGL. Further, leukotrienes, particularly Leukotriene C4, have direct relevance to GGL due to its ability to convert it to Leukotriene D4. This process not only underlines its substrate specificity but also its role in leukotriene-related metabolic pathways. In essence, understanding GGL's activators and modulators, both direct and indirect, sheds light on its multifaceted roles in cellular biochemistry and its significance in maintaining the delicate metabolic balance of the cell.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glutathione, reduced | 70-18-8 | sc-29094 sc-29094A | 10 g 1 kg | $82.00 $2091.00 | 8 | |
A tripeptide involved in maintaining redox homeostasis. GGL, by cleaving the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione, can be directly activated by increased levels of GSH, as its substrate availability is a potential modulator of its enzymatic function. | ||||||
L-Leucine | 61-90-5 | sc-364173 sc-364173A | 25 g 100 g | $21.00 $62.00 | ||
As an amino acid, L-Leucine can be involved in gamma-glutamyl cycle. An increase in such amino acids might affect GGL's activity indirectly through alterations in related metabolic pathways. | ||||||
N-Ethylmaleimide | 128-53-0 | sc-202719A sc-202719 sc-202719B sc-202719C sc-202719D | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g | $22.00 $69.00 $214.00 $796.00 $1918.00 | 19 | |
Known to inactivate other gamma-glutamyl transferases but might differentially modulate GGL depending on its distinct substrate specificity. It can provide insight into its active site and mechanistic function. | ||||||
L-Cysteine | 52-90-4 | sc-286072 sc-286072A sc-286072B sc-286072C sc-286072D | 25 g 100 g 500 g 5 kg 10 kg | $51.00 $112.00 $449.00 $1151.00 $2178.00 | 1 | |
A key component of glutathione. Increased levels might indirectly promote GGL's activity by facilitating glutathione synthesis, thereby increasing its substrate availability. | ||||||
L-Buthionine sulfoximine | 83730-53-4 | sc-200824 sc-200824A sc-200824B sc-200824C | 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g | $286.00 $442.00 $1532.00 $2975.00 | 26 | |
An inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Paradoxically, reduced levels of glutathione might induce compensatory mechanisms leading to an upregulation or increased activity of GGL to maintain glutathione homeostasis. | ||||||
LTB4 (Leukotriene B4) | 71160-24-2 | sc-201043 | 50 µg | $374.00 | 4 | |
Although not a direct substrate, altered levels can potentially affect the leukotriene balance and, indirectly, GGL's enzymatic activities involved in leukotriene conversions. | ||||||
L-Methionine | 63-68-3 | sc-394076 sc-394076A sc-394076B sc-394076C sc-394076D sc-394076E | 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $37.00 $57.00 $151.00 $577.00 $1103.00 | ||
As a sulfur-containing amino acid, it plays a role in glutathione synthesis. Increased levels might indirectly modulate GGL by affecting glutathione synthesis and turnover. | ||||||
Glycine | 56-40-6 | sc-29096A sc-29096 sc-29096B sc-29096C | 500 g 1 kg 3 kg 10 kg | $41.00 $71.00 $112.00 $357.00 | 15 | |
A component of glutathione. Increased levels can indirectly influence GGL's activity by participating in glutathione synthesis and turnover, thereby influencing substrate availability for GGL. | ||||||
L-Cysteinylglycine | 19246-18-5 | sc-500579 | 25 mg | $63.00 | ||
A dipeptide potentially generated by GGL's enzymatic cleavage of glutathione. Depending on its feedback mechanisms, elevated levels might influence GGL's enzymatic functions. | ||||||
Ademetionine | 29908-03-0 | sc-278677 sc-278677A | 100 mg 1 g | $184.00 $668.00 | 2 | |
Plays a crucial role in many biochemical processes, including synthesis of glutathione. Its availability can influence GGL indirectly by modulating cellular glutathione levels. | ||||||