GAGE12D Activators
Chemical activators of GAGE12D operate through various cellular mechanisms to modulate the protein's activity. Sodium orthovanadate targets protein tyrosine phosphatases, leading to a decrease in their activity and thus an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation within the cell. This elevation in phosphorylation serves as a signal that can propagate through multiple pathways, culminating in the functional activation of GAGE12D. Forskolin, on the other hand, works by stimulating adenylate cyclase, which boosts the levels of cAMP, a secondary messenger with the capacity to activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then participates in the phosphorylation of specific proteins, which can include those in the GAGE12D signaling pathways, leading to its activation. Similarly, PMA engages protein kinase C (PKC), a kinase that directly phosphorylates proteins within GAGE12D-associated signaling cascades. Ionomycin, by increasing intracellular calcium levels, activates calmodulin-dependent kinases, which can also phosphorylate proteins involved in GAGE12D-related pathways.
The activation of GAGE12D is further influenced by growth factors and hormones. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) binds to its receptor to initiate a series of phosphorylation events through the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, which can intersect with GAGE12D signaling. Insulin also initiates a similar cascade by binding to insulin receptors, activating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, which can result in the phosphorylation of proteins associated with GAGE12D. Reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide can modify proteins through oxidation, which in turn can activate signaling pathways involving GAGE12D. Inhibitors like okadaic acid and calyculin A prevent the action of protein phosphatases, which typically dephosphorylate proteins, thereby maintaining higher phosphorylation states within the cell that favor GAGE12D activation. Anisomycin activates JNK and p38 kinases, stress-activated protein kinases that can phosphorylate proteins in GAGE12D pathways. Finally, zinc chloride serves as a modulatory signal that can influence the phosphorylation state of various proteins, including those involved in activating GAGE12D, by altering the activity of kinases and phosphatases.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sodium Orthovanadate | 13721-39-6 | sc-3540 sc-3540B sc-3540A | 5 g 10 g 50 g | $49.00 $57.00 $187.00 | 142 | |
Sodium orthovanadate activates protein tyrosine phosphatases by inhibiting their activity, leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation can activate downstream signaling pathways in which GAGE12D is involved, resulting in the functional activation of GAGE12D. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate and thus activate proteins within signaling cascades associated with GAGE12D, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases that are capable of phosphorylating and activating proteins in pathways that include GAGE12D, thereby functionally activating GAGE12D. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin binds to its receptor, initiating a cascade of phosphorylation events through the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, which can include phosphorylation and activation of proteins that are associated with GAGE12D activation. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
Hydrogen peroxide can serve as a signaling molecule that promotes the oxidation of proteins, affecting their activity. This oxidative modification can activate signaling pathways involving GAGE12D, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels within cells. This can result in the activation of proteins in pathways that include GAGE12D, promoting its functional activation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases, such as JNK and p38, which can phosphorylate and activate proteins in pathways associated with GAGE12D, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which leads to increased phosphorylation of proteins within various signaling pathways that can include those associated with the activation of GAGE12D, resulting in its functional activation. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
Zinc ions can act as signaling molecules. They modulate the activity of various signaling proteins including kinases and phosphatases, which can alter the phosphorylation state of proteins in pathways involving GAGE12D, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||