ENDOG Activators
ENDOG activators are chemically diverse molecules that can indirectly promote the apoptotic function of ENDOG by inducing mitochondrial stress or initiating apoptosis through various signaling pathways. These activators work at different levels of the apoptotic cascade. For instance, kinase inhibitors like staurosporine nonspecifically activate multiple kinases that signal for apoptosis, leading to the release of mitochondrial factors, including ENDOG. DNA-damaging agents such as camptothecin can lead to the activation of p53 and other pro-apoptotic factors that promote mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and the release of ENDOG. Similarly, compounds like arsenic trioxide act on mitochondrial integrity, directly leading to the release of ENDOG.
On the other hand, agents that induce ER stress, such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin, initiate apoptotic signaling that eventually culminates in the mitochondrial release of apoptotic factors, including ENDOG. In addition, some compounds can influence apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the disruption of cellular metabolism, which, in a cascade-like fashion, activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and thus lead to the activation of ENDOG. Sphingolipids like ceramide can activate mitochondrial pathways involved in apoptotic signaling, causing the release of ENDOG from mitochondria.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $153.00 $396.00 | 113 | |
Staurosporine is a potent kinase inhibitor that can activate a broad range of kinases involved in apoptotic signaling. By inducing apoptosis, staurosporine can cause the release of mitochondrial factors such as cytochrome c, which in turn can lead to the activation of caspases and subsequent release of ENDOG from the mitochondria into the cytosol where it can exert its apoptotic effects. | ||||||
Betulinic Acid | 472-15-1 | sc-200132 sc-200132A | 25 mg 100 mg | $117.00 $344.00 | 3 | |
Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid that has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells by triggering the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This process involves the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane, which facilitates the release of ENDOG. | ||||||
Arsenic(III) oxide | 1327-53-3 | sc-210837 sc-210837A | 250 g 1 kg | $89.00 $228.00 | ||
Arsenic trioxide can initiate apoptosis through multiple pathways, including the disruption of mitochondrial function. This disruption can lead to the release of mitochondrial proteins such as ENDOG, thus facilitating its role in apoptosis. | ||||||
Camptothecin | 7689-03-4 | sc-200871 sc-200871A sc-200871B | 50 mg 250 mg 100 mg | $58.00 $186.00 $94.00 | 21 | |
Camptothecin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that induces DNA damage, leading to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. This permeabilization allows for the release of mitochondrial proteins like ENDOG. | ||||||
Actinomycin D | 50-76-0 | sc-200906 sc-200906A sc-200906B sc-200906C sc-200906D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $74.00 $243.00 $731.00 $2572.00 $21848.00 | 53 | |
Actinomycin D intercalates into DNA, thereby halting RNA synthesis. This interference with genetic material can lead to p53 activation and the induction of apoptosis, promoting the release of ENDOG from the mitochondria. | ||||||
Bortezomib | 179324-69-7 | sc-217785 sc-217785A | 2.5 mg 25 mg | $135.00 $1085.00 | 115 | |
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that can cause the accumulation of pro-apoptotic factors, leading to the induction of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the subsequent release of ENDOG. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation, causing endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggering the unfolded protein response, which can lead to apoptosis and the activation of ENDOG. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitor that causes calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to ER stress and the activation of apoptosis. During apoptosis, ENDOG is released from the mitochondria. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $31.00 $53.00 $124.00 $374.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts protein transport by blocking the exchange of guanine nucleotide on ARF proteins, leading to apoptosis. This apoptosis can cause the release of mitochondrial proteins such as ENDOG. | ||||||
Sanguinarium | 2447-54-3 | sc-473396 | 10 mg | $220.00 | ||
Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid found in the bloodroot plant, can induce apoptosis through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the release of ENDOG. | ||||||