DPCD Activators
Activators of DPCD function by influencing cellular pathways that indirectly augment its activity, specifically in the context of ciliary motion and assembly. Compounds that elevate intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP are particularly instrumental in this regard. For instance, certain activators target adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP, which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is known to phosphorylate a variety of substrates, and this post-translational modification is crucial for the functional regulation of proteins involved in ciliary operation, suggesting an enhancement of DPCD activity. Similarly, activators that inhibit specific phosphodiesterases prevent the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides, leading to an accumulation of cAMP or cGMP within the cell. This accumulation can activate protein kinases such as PKA or protein kinase G (PKG), which may then phosphorylate proteins that interact with DPCD, thereby modulating ciliary beat frequency and ensuring proper ciliary function.
In addition to the modulation of cyclic nucleotide levels, other activators work by affecting the cellular cytoskeleton, which plays a significant role in ciliary dynamics. For example, inhibitors of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) reduce the phosphorylation of myosin light chain, influencing cytoskeletal rearrangements and potentially facilitating more effective ciliary movement. This could indirectly enhance the activity of DPCD by optimizing the structural framework required for its function. Furthermore, theutilization of certain compounds that inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) further exemplifies the indirect activation of DPCD through the elevation of cAMP levels, triggering PKA activation and the subsequent phosphorylation of proteins that synergize with DPCD to regulate ciliary activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels which subsequently activates PKA. PKA phosphorylation can lead to the activation of DPCD by enhancing its interaction with other proteins involved in ciliary function. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
Activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate target proteins that may interact with DPCD, facilitating its role in ciliary assembly and function. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
A beta-adrenergic agonist that stimulates adenylate cyclase and increases cAMP levels, enhancing PKA activity that could phosphorylate proteins associated with DPCD, promoting its ciliary functions. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
A selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels and subsequent activation of PKA, which may phosphorylate substrates related to DPCD activity in ciliary movement. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
A non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, increases cAMP by preventing its breakdown, which can enhance PKA activity and potentially enhance DPCD function in cilia. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $105.00 $250.00 | 8 | |
A selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), increases cGMP levels, which can activate PKG. PKG may phosphorylate substrates that modulate DPCD's role in ciliary beat frequency and coordination. | ||||||
Y-27632, free base | 146986-50-7 | sc-3536 sc-3536A | 5 mg 50 mg | $186.00 $707.00 | 88 | |
A ROCK inhibitor that leads to decreased phosphorylation of myosin light chain, affecting cytoskeletal dynamics that are crucial for proper ciliary function, thus potentially enhancing DPCD activity. | ||||||
Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | sc-201182 sc-201182A | 10 mg 50 mg | $109.00 $322.00 | 3 | |
A PDE3 inhibitor that increases cAMP levels, which could activate PKA and impact the phosphorylation state of proteins that interact with DPCD, influencing ciliary activity. | ||||||
Milrinone | 78415-72-2 | sc-201193 sc-201193A | 10 mg 50 mg | $165.00 $697.00 | 7 | |
A PDE3 inhibitor, increases cAMP levels and thereby activates PKA, which may lead to phosphorylation of proteins that assist DPCD in regulating ciliary motion. | ||||||
Vardenafil | 224785-90-4 | sc-362054 sc-362054A sc-362054B | 100 mg 1 g 50 g | $526.00 $735.00 $16653.00 | 7 | |
A PDE5 inhibitor that elevates cGMP levels, potentially activating PKG which could influence the cytoskeletal components involved in ciliary function, thereby aiding in DPCD's role in ciliary beat regulation. | ||||||