C19orf42 Activators
C19orf42 can modulate its activity through various signaling pathways in cells. Forskolin, by directly activating adenylyl cyclase, raises the levels of cAMP, a pivotal second messenger in cellular signaling. The elevated cAMP levels enhance protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which can lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of C19orf42 if it is within the array of PKA targets. Similarly, IBMX functions by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, thus preventing the degradation of cAMP and cGMP, which would otherwise lower their cellular concentrations. The stabilized high levels of these cyclic nucleotides can augment PKA or PKG pathway activities, possibly resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of C19orf42. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) targets protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a broad spectrum of proteins. If C19orf42 is a substrate for PKC, or is involved in a pathway regulated by PKC, activation by PMA can occur through PKC-mediated phosphorylation.
The calcium ionophore Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases such as CaMK. If C19orf42 is under the regulatory influence of the CaMK pathway, Ionomycin can lead to its activation through calcium-dependent phosphorylation processes. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Insulin both initiate cascades by binding to their respective receptors, triggering downstream effectors including MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. C19orf42 activation through these pathways would be mediated by the cascades' inherent ability to phosphorylate and modulate protein activities. Bradykinin, through its receptor B2R, activates PLC, increasing IP3 and DAG, and subsequently, calcium levels. This rise in intracellular calcium could activate C19orf42 through calcium-sensitive kinases. Glutamate, acting through its receptors, and histamine, through histamine receptors, both lead to increased intracellular calcium, which may similarly result in the activation of C19orf42. Acetylcholine, by engaging muscarinic receptors, can initiate PLC/IP3/DAG pathway signaling, potentially influencing C19orf42 activity through calcium-mediated regulatory mechanisms. Lastly, sodium fluoride acts as a G protein activator, enhancing cAMP levels and possibly leading to the PKA-mediated activation of C19orf42, and anisomycin, as a stress-activated protein kinase/JNK activator, can also lead to the modification and activation of C19orf42 as part of the cellular stress response.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) inhibits phosphodiesterases, leading to increased levels of cAMP and cGMP by preventing their degradation. Elevated cAMP/cGMP may activate C19orf42 by promoting PKA or PKG pathway phosphorylation events that enhance the protein's function. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in controlling various cellular functions through phosphorylation. Activation of PKC can lead to phosphorylation and activation of proteins downstream in the signaling pathway, potentially including C19orf42 if it is a substrate of PKC or part of a PKC-regulated pathway. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which may phosphorylate and activate C19orf42 if it is part of or regulated by the CaMK signaling pathway. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $153.00 $1224.00 $12239.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the insulin receptor, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK. These pathways can lead to the activation of a variety of proteins, including C19orf42 if it is a downstream effector in these signaling cascades. | ||||||
Bradykinin | 58-82-2 | sc-507311 | 5 mg | $110.00 | ||
Bradykinin binds to its G protein-coupled receptors, B2R, leading to the activation of PLC, which increases inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), and subsequently raises intracellular calcium. This can lead to the activation of proteins that are regulated by calcium signaling, such as C19orf42, through the activation of calcium-dependent kinases. | ||||||
L-Glutamic Acid | 56-86-0 | sc-394004 sc-394004A | 10 g 100 g | $291.00 $566.00 | ||
Glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and binds to various glutamate receptors, leading to calcium influx and activation of downstream signaling pathways like CaMK. If C19orf42 is part of these signaling cascades, it could be activated by glutamate-induced signaling. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can activate histamine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that stimulate PLC activity, leading to increased production of IP3 and DAG. This can result in an increase in intracellular calcium levels, activating proteins in calcium signaling pathways, potentially including C19orf42. | ||||||
Sodium Fluoride | 7681-49-4 | sc-24988A sc-24988 sc-24988B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $39.00 $45.00 $98.00 | 26 | |
Sodium fluoride is an activator of G proteins that stimulate adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This rise in cAMP could activate PKA, which may then phosphorylate and activate C19orf42 as part of downstream signaling events. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that also activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)/JNK. Activation of this pathway can lead to phosphorylation and activation of various proteins, and C19orf42 could be activated as part of the cellular response to stress if it is a substrate or associated with this pathway. | ||||||