C19orf25 Activators
Chemical activators of the specified protein can induce its activation through various signaling pathways by altering phosphorylation states and calcium ion concentrations within the cell. Forskolin, by increasing the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), indirectly stimulates the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate and activate the protein in question. Similarly, Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, elevates cAMP levels, further prompting PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the protein. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is achieved through PMA, which leads to the phosphorylation of different sets of substrate proteins, including our protein of interest. The elevation of intracellular calcium levels by Ionomycin can trigger the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases that are capable of phosphorylating the protein, thereby influencing its activity.
The protein can be activated as a result of engagement with growth factor signaling pathways. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) initiates a cascade of events by binding to its receptor, which activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, often resulting in the phosphorylation of various proteins. Anisomycin, too, activates MAPK kinases, which engage the MAPK/ERK pathway, potentially leading to the activation of the protein. Inhibition of protein phosphatases by compounds like Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid prevents the dephosphorylation of our protein of interest, effectively sustaining its active state. Hydrogen Peroxide acts as a signaling molecule, potentially leading to the activation of redox-sensitive kinases that can phosphorylate the protein. Lastly, the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, and the inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 by Zaprinast, both lead to elevated cGMP levels, which activates protein kinase G (PKG) that may phosphorylate and activate the protein. These chemical activators work through their respective pathways to modulate the activity state of the protein by altering its phosphorylation status or through the control of second messengers.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which then phosphorylates target proteins. This phosphorylation can lead to the activation of downstream proteins within signaling cascades that the protein is a part of. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as an ionophore for calcium, raising intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases can phosphorylate and activate proteins within calcium signaling pathways, including the protein in question. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $153.00 $1224.00 $12239.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the insulin receptor, triggering a cascade of phosphorylation events through PI3K/Akt signaling, which may result in the activation of proteins associated with glucose metabolism and other pathways that intersect with the functions of the protein. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates MAPK kinases, which in turn activate the MAPK/ERK pathway. This activation can lead to the phosphorylation of several proteins, possibly resulting in the activation of the protein of interest within these signaling pathways. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, preventing dephosphorylation of proteins, which can result in the sustained activation of proteins that are normally regulated by phosphorylation cycles, potentially including the targeted protein. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, similar to Calyculin A, leading to increased phosphorylation and potential activation of proteins that are part of the same pathways as the protein of interest. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine that activates beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cAMP and activation of PKA. PKA can phosphorylate and activate various proteins, potentially including the protein in question. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
Hydrogen Peroxide can act as a signaling molecule, leading to the activation of various protein kinases through oxidative signaling pathways, which can then activate redox-sensitive proteins, potentially including the protein in question. | ||||||
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate | 22189-32-8 | sc-203279 sc-203279A | 5 g 10 g | $82.00 $120.00 | 9 | |
This nitric oxide donor can activate soluble guanylyl cyclase, increasing cGMP levels, which may lead to the activation of protein kinase G (PKG). PKG can then phosphorylate and activate proteins within its signaling pathways, including the protein of interest. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterase 5, leading to increased cGMP levels and subsequent activation of PKG. Similar to S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, this can result in the activation of proteins involved in cGMP-dependent pathways, possibly including the protein in question. | ||||||