β-defensin 34 Activators
β-Defensin 34, a crucial component of innate immunity, serves as a potent antimicrobial peptide that defends against a spectrum of pathogens. This peptide plays a pivotal role in the first line of defense by disrupting microbial membranes and exerting bactericidal effects, contributing to the overall host defense mechanism. Activation of β-defensin 34 involves a network of cellular signaling pathways influenced by various chemical activators. Compounds such as retinoic acid, thiazolidinediones, sulforaphane, butyrate, genistein, resveratrol, 5-azacytidine, alpha-lipoic acid, luteolin, diallyl disulfide, EGCG, and quercetin exert their effects through specific pathways, ranging from nuclear receptors to epigenetic modifications. These pathways converge at the DEFB34 promoter, leading to enhanced transcription and synthesis of β-defensin 34.
The multifaceted activation mechanisms highlight the adaptability and complexity of the innate immune system. These chemical activators reinforce host defenses, providing a robust antimicrobial response against a diverse array of microbial challenges. Understanding these activation pathways enhances our comprehension of the intricate interplay between the innate immune system and microbial invaders, opening avenues for future research in immunomodulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a direct activator of β-defensin 34, binds to retinoic acid receptors (RARs). This complex translocates to the DEFB34 promoter region, enhancing transcription. The resultant increase in β-defensin 34 expression contributes to innate immunity, providing antimicrobial defense against various pathogens. | ||||||
2,4-Thiazolidinedione | 2295-31-0 | sc-216281 | 50 g | $177.00 | 3 | |
Thiazolidinediones activate β-defensin 34 through PPARγ activation. Upon binding, PPARγ forms a complex with RXR, promoting binding to the PPRE in the DEFB34 promoter. This enhances transcription, leading to elevated β-defensin 34 expression and reinforcing the innate immune response against microbial challenges. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 34 through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. By promoting Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, it facilitates Nrf2 translocation and binding to the DEFB34 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation reinforces the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 34. | ||||||
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | sc-214640 sc-214640A | 1 kg 10 kg | $63.00 $174.00 | ||
Butyric acid activates β-defensin 34 by serving as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it promotes an open chromatin structure in the DEFB34 promoter region, facilitating increased transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in elevated β-defensin 34 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $26.00 $92.00 $120.00 $310.00 $500.00 $908.00 $1821.00 | 46 | |
Genistein indirectly activates β-defensin 34 by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. It hinders Akt phosphorylation, relieving its inhibition on FoxO3a. This allows FoxO3a to bind to the DEFB34 promoter, promoting transcription. This indirect activation leads to increased β-defensin 34 expression, bolstering the innate immune response. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates β-defensin 34 by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Acting as an antioxidant, it enhances Nrf2 translocation, promoting its binding to the ARE element in the DEFB34 promoter. This up-regulation of β-defensin 34 contributes to antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, directly activates β-defensin 34. By demethylating the DEFB34 promoter region, it alleviates epigenetic repression, allowing for enhanced transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in increased β-defensin 34 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 34 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. As an antioxidant, it promotes Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, facilitating its translocation to the DEFB34 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 34. | ||||||
Luteolin | 491-70-3 | sc-203119 sc-203119A sc-203119B sc-203119C sc-203119D | 5 mg 50 mg 500 mg 5 g 500 g | $26.00 $50.00 $99.00 $150.00 $1887.00 | 40 | |
Luteolin activates β-defensin 34 by modulating the AP-1 pathway. It inhibits c-Fos and c-Jun activation, suppressing AP-1 transcriptional activity. As a consequence, the negative regulation on DEFB34 expression is alleviated, leading to increased β-defensin 34 synthesis with antimicrobial implications. | ||||||
Allyl disulfide | 2179-57-9 | sc-252359 | 25 g | $78.00 | ||
Allyl disulfide activates β-defensin 34 by influencing the MAPK pathway. It enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation, positively regulating AP-1, which binds to the DEFB34 promoter. This leads to increased transcription of β-defensin 34, fortifying the antimicrobial defense mechanism. | ||||||