Atg10 Activators
Atg10 activators represent a diverse group of compounds that can modulate the activity of Atg10 indirectly through their influence on the autophagy pathway. Atg10, an E2-like enzyme, plays a pivotal role in the formation of autophagosomes, a key step in autophagy. As such, any compound that increases the demand for autophagy, and thus autophagosome formation, can be seen as an indirect activator of Atg10. The majority of the chemicals listed, such as Rapamycin, PI-103, LY294002, and Wortmannin, exert their influence primarily by inhibiting mTOR or PI3K, key regulators of the autophagy pathway. mTOR is a major negative regulator of autophagy, and its inhibition by these compounds can lead to the induction of autophagy and an increased demand for Atg10. PI3K acts upstream of mTOR, and its inhibition can similarly lead to autophagy induction.
Other chemicals, such as Trehalose, Resveratrol, Metformin, AICAR, and Niclosamide, influence the autophagy pathway through different mechanisms. Trehalose can induce autophagy independently of mTOR, while Resveratrol, Metformin, and AICAR trigger autophagy via AMPK activation and subsequent mTOR inhibition. Niclosamide also induces autophagy via mTOR inhibition. Chloroquine has a unique mechanism of action: it inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion, leading to an accumulation of autophagosomes. This action can increase the demand for autophagosome formation and hence, Atg10.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin inhibits mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), a key negative regulator of autophagy. By inhibiting mTOR, autophagy is induced, and the demand for Atg10 in the formation of autophagosomes can increase. | ||||||
PI-103 | 371935-74-9 | sc-203193 sc-203193A | 1 mg 5 mg | $33.00 $131.00 | 3 | |
PI-103 inhibits PI3K, a kinase that acts upstream of mTOR. By inhibiting PI3K, mTOR activity decreases, leading to autophagy induction and increased demand for Atg10. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $123.00 $400.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 is another PI3K inhibitor. By inhibiting PI3K and subsequently reducing mTOR activity, it could lead to autophagy induction and increased requirement for Atg10. | ||||||
Wortmannin | 19545-26-7 | sc-3505 sc-3505A sc-3505B | 1 mg 5 mg 20 mg | $67.00 $223.00 $425.00 | 97 | |
Wortmannin is a potent PI3K inhibitor. Similar to other PI3K inhibitors, it can induce autophagy and increase the requirement for Atg10 by reducing mTOR activity. | ||||||
D-(+)-Trehalose Anhydrous | 99-20-7 | sc-294151 sc-294151A sc-294151B | 1 g 25 g 100 g | $30.00 $167.00 $260.00 | 2 | |
Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that can induce autophagy independently of mTOR. The induction of autophagy increases the demand for Atg10 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol, a polyphenol, can induce autophagy via AMPK activation and subsequent mTOR inhibition. This increases the demand for Atg10 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Metformin | 657-24-9 | sc-507370 | 10 mg | $79.00 | 2 | |
Metformin can induce autophagy through AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition, thereby increasing the demand for Atg10. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $65.00 $280.00 $400.00 | 48 | |
AICAR is an AMPK activator, which can induce autophagy via mTOR inhibition. This leads to an increased demand for Atg10 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||
Niclosamide | 50-65-7 | sc-250564 sc-250564A sc-250564B sc-250564C sc-250564D sc-250564E | 100 mg 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 5 kg | $38.00 $79.00 $188.00 $520.00 $1248.00 $5930.00 | 8 | |
Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug that can induce autophagy via mTOR inhibition, leading to an increased demand for Atg10. | ||||||
Chloroquine | 54-05-7 | sc-507304 | 250 mg | $69.00 | 2 | |
Chloroquine inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion, causing an accumulation of autophagosomes. This may increase the demand for Atg10 in autophagosome formation. | ||||||