ACY1L2 Activators
Chemical activators of ACY1L2 can modulate its activity through various signaling pathways, primarily involving the phosphorylation of the protein. Acetylcholine is one such activator that engages with nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, which are linked to G proteins. When these receptors are activated, a cascade of intracellular events unfold, leading to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of ACY1L2. Similarly, forskolin serves as a direct stimulant of adenylyl cyclase, thereby raising the levels of cAMP within the cell. This increase in cAMP is a signal for protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate ACY1L2, activating it. Bradykinin, through its interaction with B2 receptors, engages phospholipase C, resulting in the generation of diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, which are precursors for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC can then target ACY1L2 for phosphorylation.
Further into the spectrum of chemical activators, glutamate and histamine both function through their respective G protein-coupled receptors to activate phospholipase C, leading to potential activation of ACY1L2 via kinases. Epinephrine and norepinephrine act on different adrenergic receptors but converge on similar pathways involving either PKA or PKC, which in turn can phosphorylate ACY1L2. Serotonin and dopamine also play their part by binding to their specific G protein-coupled receptors, with serotonin engaging PKC through the 5-HT2 receptors, and dopamine activating PKA via D1-like receptors. Sodium fluoride, an allosteric activator of G proteins, enhances adenylyl cyclase activity, which boosts cAMP levels and activates PKA, leading to the phosphorylation of ACY1L2. Adenosine and angiotensin II round out the list, with adenosine acting through adenosine receptors to potentially increase cAMP and PKA activity, and angiotensin II engaging AT1 receptors to activate phospholipase C, PKC, and ultimately ACY1L2. Each of these chemicals, through their distinct pathways, achieves the common endpoint of ACY1L2 activation.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Elevated cAMP levels can activate PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate ACY1L2, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Bradykinin | 58-82-2 | sc-507311 | 5 mg | $110.00 | ||
Bradykinin binds to its G protein-coupled receptors, B2 receptor specifically, and can activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase in diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. This can result in the activation of protein kinase C, which may phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
L-Glutamic Acid | 56-86-0 | sc-394004 sc-394004A | 10 g 100 g | $291.00 $566.00 | ||
Glutamate acts through its G protein-coupled receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, which can activate phospholipase C and IP3/DAG pathway, potentially leading to the activation of downstream kinases that can phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine binds to H1 receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that activate phospholipase C. This activation leads to the production of IP3 and DAG, which can activate protein kinase C, and this kinase can phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, which are coupled to Gs proteins. This leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP, and activation of PKA. PKA can then phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
L-Noradrenaline | 51-41-2 | sc-357366 sc-357366A | 1 g 5 g | $320.00 $475.00 | 3 | |
Norepinephrine activates alpha1-adrenergic receptors, which are coupled to Gq proteins. This stimulates phospholipase C activity, leading to the activation of protein kinase C, which may phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
Serotonin hydrochloride | 153-98-0 | sc-201146 sc-201146A | 100 mg 1 g | $116.00 $183.00 | 15 | |
Serotonin can activate 5-HT2 receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that stimulate phospholipase C. The subsequent increase in IP3 and DAG can activate protein kinase C, which has the potential to phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine binds to D1-like receptors which activate adenylyl cyclase via Gs protein coupling. The resulting increase in cAMP levels can lead to the activation of PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
Sodium Fluoride | 7681-49-4 | sc-24988A sc-24988 sc-24988B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $39.00 $45.00 $98.00 | 26 | |
Sodium fluoride is an allosteric activator of G proteins, which can stimulate adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. The elevated cAMP can activate PKA, which may phosphorylate and thereby activate ACY1L2. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $33.00 $47.00 $294.00 $561.00 $1020.00 $2550.00 $4590.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine interacts with G protein-coupled adenosine receptors, which can have various effects including the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increase in cAMP levels. This can lead to the activation of PKA, which may then phosphorylate and activate ACY1L2. | ||||||