WDR66 Activators
Chemical activators of WDR66 can engage distinct cellular pathways to facilitate its activation. Forskolin, through the activation of adenylate cyclase, leads to an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. The rise in cAMP can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn is capable of phosphorylating WDR66, thus driving its activation. Similarly, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is known to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues on target proteins. The phosphorylation by PKC can serve to activate WDR66. Ionomycin, by increasing intracellular calcium levels, can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which may phosphorylate WDR66, leading to its activation. A parallel mechanism is induced by A23187 (Calcimycin), which also raises cytosolic calcium levels and, thus, can activate WDR66 through calcium-dependent phosphorylation.
The chemicals Spermine NONOate and Zaprinast work through modulation of cyclic nucleotide levels; Spermine NONOate donates nitric oxide that increases cGMP levels, activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which can then phosphorylate and activate WDR66. Zaprinast, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5, elevates cGMP levels, which can enhance PKG activity and subsequently activate WDR66. Calyculin A and Okadaic acid, both inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, can lead to a net increase in the phosphorylation state of cellular proteins, including WDR66, thereby promoting its activation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can then phosphorylate WDR66 directly or through downstream effector proteins, leading to its activation. Anisomycin, by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), can phosphorylate WDR66 as part of the cellular response to stress, leading to its activation. Lastly, LY294002, by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), can indirectly initiate a compensatory activation of AKT, which may then phosphorylate and activate WDR66. H-89, while primarily known as a PKA inhibitor, may lead to the compensatory upregulation of other kinases, which could then phosphorylate and activate WDR66.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can phosphorylate WDR66, leading to its activation. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates PKC, which subsequently phosphorylates serine and threonine residues on WDR66, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, which activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases that may phosphorylate and activate WDR66. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
By inhibiting protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A, Calyculin A prevents dephosphorylation of proteins, potentially leading to sustained phosphorylation and activation of WDR66. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
EGCG activates AMPK, which can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of WDR66 either directly or via regulatory proteins in associated pathways. | ||||||
Spermine NONOate | 136587-13-8 | sc-202816 sc-202816A | 5 mg 25 mg | $52.00 $192.00 | 5 | |
This NO donor increases cGMP levels, which can activate PKG that may phosphorylate and activate WDR66. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates JNK, which can phosphorylate and lead to the activation of WDR66 as part of the cellular stress response. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits PDE5, increasing cGMP levels which may enhance PKG activity, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and activation of WDR66. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 raises cytosolic calcium levels, leading to the activation of WDR66 through potential phosphorylation by calcium-dependent protein kinases. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid inhibits protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels of proteins, which includes potential activation of WDR66. | ||||||