TTLL1 Activators
TTLL1 Activators are a collection of chemical compounds that facilitate the functional activity of TTLL1 by selectively targeting cellular signaling mechanisms that indirectly potentiate its role in tubulin glutamylation. Bisindolylmaleimide I, through its inhibition of protein kinase C, decreases competitive phosphorylation events, clearing the way for TTLL1 to perform its glutamylation function more efficiently. Epigallocatechin gallate, apart from its antioxidant properties, inhibits competing protein kinases, allowing TTLL1 to glutamylate tubulin with reduced competition. Compounds such as Forskolin and Rolipram amplify intracellular cAMP levels, activating PKA, which can then phosphorylate proteins in a manner that indirectly benefits TTLL1's function.
The action of TTLL1 is further influenced by compounds that modulate secondary signaling pathways linked to cytoskeletal dynamics, which are essential for TTLL1's activity. Sildenafil and Zaprinast, which increase cGMP levels, and Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, are thought to facilitate TTLL1 activity by affecting actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell shape, thereby indirectly impacting microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, ZM-447439 and ML-7, inhibitors of Aurora kinase and MLCK, respectively, can enhance TTLL1's role by altering the phosphorylation state of spindle-associated proteins and affecting cytoskeletal arrangements. Gö 6983 and Okadaic Acid also play a role in modulating the phosphorylation equilibrium, favoring the enhancement of TTLL1's glutamylation capability, by inhibiting PKC and protein phosphatases, thus preventing dephosphorylation of proteins involved in microtubule assembly and dynamics.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
This compound is a potent and selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor that enhances TTLL1 activity by reducing competitive PKC phosphorylation events, thereby allowing TTLL1's tubulin glutamylation function to proceed with reduced interference. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
Known as a potent antioxidant, this compound also inhibits certain protein kinases, potentially enhancing TTLL1 activity by reducing phosphorylation-based competition, allowing TTLL1 to more effectively glutamylate tubulin. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP, which can enhance TTLL1 activity by activating PKA that phosphorylates proteins that may indirectly enhance TTLL1's glutamylation activity. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
A selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, Rolipram increases intracellular cAMP levels, which could enhance TTLL1's glutamylation activity by a similar mechanism to Forskolin, involving an indirect PKA-mediated pathway. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterase 5, elevating cGMP levels and potentially enhancing TTLL1 activity by altering PKG signaling, which can indirectly affect tubulin glutamylation processes. | ||||||
ZM-447439 | 331771-20-1 | sc-200696 sc-200696A | 1 mg 10 mg | $150.00 $349.00 | 15 | |
This Aurora kinase inhibitor can indirectly enhance TTLL1 activity by altering the phosphorylation state of proteins associated with the mitotic spindle, thereby potentially facilitating TTLL1-mediated glutamylation during cell division. | ||||||
ML-7 hydrochloride | 110448-33-4 | sc-200557 sc-200557A | 10 mg 50 mg | $89.00 $262.00 | 13 | |
An inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), ML-7 could enhance TTLL1 activity by affecting cytoskeletal dynamics and thus potentially increasing the pool of substrates available for TTLL1's glutamylation function. | ||||||
Y-27632, free base | 146986-50-7 | sc-3536 sc-3536A | 5 mg 50 mg | $182.00 $693.00 | 88 | |
Y-27632 is a ROCK inhibitor that may enhance TTLL1 activity by modulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape, which can indirectly influence microtubule dynamics and the glutamylation process governed by TTLL1. | ||||||
Gö 6983 | 133053-19-7 | sc-203432 sc-203432A sc-203432B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $103.00 $293.00 $465.00 | 15 | |
A pan-PKC inhibitor, Gö 6983 can enhance TTLL1 activity by reducing PKC-mediated phosphorylation, decreasing competition for TTLL1 substrates within the cellular microtubule network. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
As a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, Okadaic Acid can enhance TTLL1 activity by shifting the phosphorylation equilibrium, potentially increasing the pool of tubulin available for TTLL1-induced glutamylation. | ||||||