TOCA-1 Inhibitors

TOCA-1 inhibitors are chemicals that modulate the activity of TOCA-1 by primarily affecting its associated pathways. The most directly relevant pathway is the Cdc42 pathway, which plays a crucial role in actin assembly. Inhibitors such as ML141 and CASIN act by preventing GTP binding and suppressing GDP-GTP exchange in Cdc42, respectively. Both these actions attenuate the actin polymerization processes that TOCA-1 is engaged in. Similarly, TOCA-1 activity can be modulated through the N-WASP/WAVE pathways. Wiskostatin inhibits N-WASP, leading to the suppression of the activation of the Arp2/3 complex and actin assembly.

Furthermore, Arp2/3 complex, pivotal for actin branching, can be directly targeted by inhibitors like CK666 and CK869. These compounds inhibit the activation of the Arp2/3 complex, thereby influencing actin dynamics where TOCA-1 plays a role. Compounds such as Latrunculin A, Cytochalasin D, and Jasplakinolide target actin filaments directly by binding to them and either preventing their incorporation, capping their ends, or stabilizing them, respectively. This modulation of actin dynamics indirectly influences the functional aspects of TOCA-1. Lastly, there are inhibitors like NSC23766, EHT1864, IPA-3, and FRAX597 that act on proteins such as Rac1 and PAK1, both of which can influence the Cdc42 pathways and subsequently impact TOCA-1's role in actin assembly.