TNFa-IP 8 Activators
Chemical activators of TNFα-IP8 utilize a variety of intracellular signaling pathways to enhance the protein's function within cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly interacts with and activates Protein Kinase C (PKC), which plays a pivotal role in the signaling mechanisms that boost the activities of TNFα-IP8. PKC activation can lead to a cascade of downstream events that bolster the activity of this protein. Similarly, Forskolin, by elevating intracellular cAMP levels, indirectly stimulates Protein Kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates various substrates, including those involved in the signaling pathways that activate TNFα-IP8. Ionomycin, through its role as a calcium ionophore, increases intracellular calcium, which in turn can activate calcium-sensitive pathways, subsequently promoting the activation of TNFα-IP8. In a related mechanism, Thapsigargin disrupts calcium homeostasis by inhibiting the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), leading to an indirect stimulation of TNFα-IP8 through elevated cytosolic calcium levels.
Other chemical activators work through different yet interconnected pathways. Bisindolylmaleimide I, although primarily an inhibitor of PKC, can under certain conditions activate specific PKC isoforms, thus potentially contributing to the activation of TNFα-IP8. Fingolimod (FTY720) acts on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and influences signaling pathways that regulate TNFα-IP8. Hydrogen Peroxide, as a reactive oxygen species, can initiate a variety of cellular signaling events, including the activation of kinases and transcription factors that promote TNFα-IP8 activity. Anisomycin stimulates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK, which can lead to the activation of TNFα-IP8. Calyculin A and Okadaic Acid, both inhibitors of protein phosphatases, lead to increased phosphorylation within signaling pathways, thus contributing to the activation of TNFα-IP8. Lastly, Brefeldin A and A23187, through their disruption of the Golgi apparatus and facilitation of calcium influx respectively, can trigger signaling cascades that culminate in the functional activation of TNFα-IP8.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA directly activates Protein Kinase C (PKC), which is involved in signaling pathways that regulate TNFα-IP8. Activation of PKC leads to downstream signaling events that result in the functional activation of TNFα-IP8 by promoting its activity within the cell. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, which increases cAMP levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates PKA (Protein Kinase A), which then can phosphorylate substrates that are involved in the signaling pathways leading to the activation of TNFα-IP8, thus enhancing its function. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as an ionophore that selectively binds to calcium and increases intracellular calcium concentration. Elevated calcium levels can activate calcium-sensitive signaling pathways, which in turn, can lead to the activation of enzymes that directly increase the function of TNFα-IP8 within the cell. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. This disruption in calcium homeostasis can activate downstream signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of TNFα-IP8. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a selective inhibitor of PKC, but it can paradoxically activate certain PKC isoforms under specific conditions, leading to the activation of downstream targets including those that activate TNFα-IP8. | ||||||
FTY720 | 162359-56-0 | sc-202161 sc-202161A sc-202161B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $32.00 $75.00 $118.00 | 14 | |
FTY720, upon phosphorylation, acts as a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator. This activation affects signaling pathways that include those that regulate the functional state of TNFα-IP8, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
Hydrogen Peroxide serves as a reactive oxygen species that can activate various cellular signaling pathways, including oxidative stress-related pathways that can lead to the activation of transcription factors and kinases that enhance the activity of TNFα-IP8. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), specifically JNK. Activation of JNK can lead to the activation of transcription factors and other signaling molecules that are part of the pathways that enhance the functional activation of TNFα-IP8. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $160.00 $750.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which when inhibited, can lead to increased phosphorylation of proteins within signaling pathways that activate TNFα-IP8. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Similar to Calyculin A, Okadaic Acid inhibits protein phosphatases, particularly PP2A, resulting in the sustained activation of downstream kinases that contribute to the activation of signaling pathways involving TNFα-IP8. | ||||||