TMEM214 Activators
Chemical activators of TMEM214 can initiate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways leading to its phosphorylation and subsequent activation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) operates through the activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC), a family of enzymes known to modify proteins through phosphorylation. When PMA is introduced, PKC is activated and can directly phosphorylate TMEM214. Forskolin, by increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP, activates PKA which then may target TMEM214 for phosphorylation. Ionomycin, acting as a calcium ionophore, raises the intracellular calcium levels, which can activate a suite of calcium-sensitive kinases capable of phosphorylating TMEM214. Similarly, Thapsigargin leads to increased cytosolic calcium by inhibiting the SERCA pump, subsequently activating calcium-dependent protein kinases that can phosphorylate TMEM214.
Other chemical activators include Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A, both of which inhibit protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. This inhibition prevents the dephosphorylation of proteins, maintaining TMEM214 in a phosphorylated state. Anisomycin triggers the activation of stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK and p38 MAPK, which can phosphorylate TMEM214. Hydrogen Peroxide can initiate signaling pathways that include MAPKs, leading to phosphorylation of TMEM214. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, engaging with G protein-coupled receptors, can result in downstream signaling cascades that phosphorylate TMEM214. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), through its receptor EGFR, initiates a series of signaling events that activate kinases, which in turn target TMEM214. Lastly, Staurosporine, despite its role as a kinase inhibitor, can lead to the activation of a variety of kinases at certain concentrations, resulting in the phosphorylation of TMEM214, whereas Bisindolylmaleimide I, a specific inhibitor of PKC, may also activate kinases under specific conditions, thus leading to TMEM214 phosphorylation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) which is known to phosphorylate a myriad of proteins. Given TMEM214's membrane association, it is plausible that PKC, upon activation by PMA, would phosphorylate and thereby activate TMEM214 as part of the signaling cascade. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP. Elevated cAMP activates PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase), which might phosphorylate TMEM214 as part of its range of substrates, leading to TMEM214 activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, raising intracellular calcium levels. This increase can activate calcium-sensitive signaling proteins that could phosphorylate TMEM214, thereby activating it. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
This compound inhibits protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. Inhibition of these phosphatases leads to an accumulation of phosphorylated proteins within the cell. This environment would favor the phosphorylation state of TMEM214, thereby maintaining its active form. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Similar to Okadaic Acid, Calyculin A is also a potent inhibitor of PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels within the cell. This would contribute to the activation of TMEM214 by keeping it in a phosphorylated, and thereby active, state. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases like JNK and p38 MAPK. These kinases are responsible for phosphorylating specific proteins. TMEM214, being a transmembrane protein, could be a target for these kinases, resulting in its activation through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $30.00 $60.00 $93.00 | 27 | |
As an oxidative agent, Hydrogen Peroxide can activate various intracellular signaling pathways including MAPKs, which in turn could phosphorylate and activate TMEM214 as part of their cellular response to oxidative stress. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the SERCA pump, leading to a rise in cytosolic calcium levels. This elevation can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases, which in turn may phosphorylate and activate TMEM214. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $162.00 $316.00 $559.00 $889.00 $1693.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate engages with its G protein-coupled receptor, initiating downstream signaling cascades that often involve phosphorylation of transmembrane proteins. This mechanism could phosphorylate and activate TMEM214. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $150.00 $388.00 | 113 | |
Though commonly used as a kinase inhibitor, Staurosporine can also non-selectively activate kinases at certain concentrations. This broad-spectrum activity can result in the phosphorylation and activation of TMEM214, as part of its non-specific actions on cellular kinases. | ||||||