Tim22 Inhibitors
Chemical inhibitors of the protein Tim22 function by disrupting the mitochondrial processes essential for its activity in protein import. Antimycin A, for instance, targets Complex III of the electron transport chain, hindering mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation, which Tim22 relies on for translocation of proteins. Similar in its mechanism, Oligomycin A and Oligomycin bind to ATP synthase, blocking the production of ATP and thus depriving Tim22 of the necessary energy to operate. Venturicidin A also inhibits ATP synthase, but it does so by obstructing proton translocation through the F_o region, which is crucial for the synthesis of ATP. This action results in a reduced supply of ATP, thereby inhibiting the function of Tim22.
Furthermore, CCCP acts as a protonophore to dissipate the proton gradient which is pivotal for maintaining the membrane potential that Tim22 utilizes for its protein import mechanism. Aurovertin B, by binding to the β subunit of F_1-ATPase, prevents ATP formation, impacting the translocase activity of Tim22. Concanamycin A disrupts proton gradients by inhibiting the V-type ATPase, leading to a similar outcome as CCCP. Rotenone and Piericidin A both inhibit Complex I, reducing the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis, which in turn affects the activity of Tim22. Lastly, Bongkrekic Acid and Atovaquone disrupt the function of Tim22 through their effects on the adenine nucleotide translocator and Complex III, respectively, by impeding the ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane or by interfering with the cytochrome b component, both of which are crucial for ATP synthesis and, consequently, for the operation of Tim22.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antimycin A | 1397-94-0 | sc-202467 sc-202467A sc-202467B sc-202467C | 5 mg 10 mg 1 g 3 g | $54.00 $62.00 $1642.00 $4600.00 | 51 | |
Antimycin A inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Q_i site of Complex III, a component of the electron transport chain. This action leads to a decrease in ATP production, which is necessary for the import of proteins by Tim22, thus functionally inhibiting Tim22's activity in mitochondrial protein import. | ||||||
Oligomycin | 1404-19-9 | sc-203342 sc-203342C | 10 mg 1 g | $146.00 $12250.00 | 18 | |
Oligomycin binds to the F_o subunit of ATP synthase, effectively blocking the proton channel and inhibiting ATP synthesis. Since the activity of Tim22 is energetically demanding, requiring the electrochemical gradient, the inhibition of ATP synthesis indirectly prevents Tim22 from functioning properly by depleting the energy required for its activity. | ||||||
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone | 555-60-2 | sc-202984A sc-202984 sc-202984B | 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $75.00 $150.00 $235.00 | 8 | |
CCCP acts as a protonophore, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. This uncoupling of the proton gradient directly impacts the membrane potential, which is critical for the translocation activity of Tim22, hence functionally inhibiting the protein's import mechanism. | ||||||
Aphidicolin | 38966-21-1 | sc-201535 sc-201535A sc-201535B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $82.00 $300.00 $1082.00 | 30 | |
Aurovertin B inhibits the F_1F_o-ATPase by binding to the β subunit of F_1, preventing ATP synthesis. This reduction in ATP availability would inhibit the energy-dependent translocase activity of Tim22 in the mitochondrial inner membrane. | ||||||
Concanamycin A | 80890-47-7 | sc-202111 sc-202111A sc-202111B sc-202111C | 50 µg 200 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $65.00 $162.00 $650.00 $2550.00 | 109 | |
Concanamycin A is a specific inhibitor of the V-type ATPase which is responsible for maintaining proton gradients across membranes. By inhibiting this ATPase, the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is dissipated, inhibiting the membrane potential-dependent activity of Tim22. | ||||||
Bongkrekic acid | 11076-19-0 | sc-205606 | 100 µg | $418.00 | 10 | |
Bongkrekic Acid binds to the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) in a way that prevents the conformational change necessary for ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Since the activity of Tim22 is linked to ATP availability within mitochondria, the inhibition of ANT by Bongkrekic Acid functionally inhibits Tim22. | ||||||
Atovaquone | 95233-18-4 | sc-217675 | 10 mg | $265.00 | 2 | |
Atovaquone selectively inhibits the cytochrome b component of Complex III in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, disrupting electron transfer and reducing ATP synthesis. This reduction in ATP impairs the function of Tim22, which relies on ATP for importing proteins into the mitochondria. | ||||||
Oligomycin A | 579-13-5 | sc-201551 sc-201551A sc-201551B sc-201551C sc-201551D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $175.00 $600.00 $1179.00 $5100.00 $9180.00 | 26 | |
Oligomycin A targets the F_o subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, inhibiting ATP synthesis. Tim22 requires ATP for its translocase activity, thus the inhibition of ATP synthesis by Oligomycin A would lead to a functional inhibition of Tim22. | ||||||
Venturicidin A | 33538-71-5 | sc-202380 sc-202380A | 1 mg 5 mg | $203.00 $465.00 | ||
Venturicidin A inhibits ATP synthase by preventing the translocation of protons through the F_o region, which is essential for ATP synthesis. The decreased ATP levels result in an energy deficit that impairs the activity of Tim22, which requires energy to import proteins into the mitochondria. | ||||||
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | sc-203242 sc-203242A | 1 g 5 g | $89.00 $254.00 | 41 | |
Rotenone is an inhibitor of Complex I in the electron transport chain. By preventing electron transfer in this complex, it reduces the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis. Tim22's protein import activity is dependent on ATP, and therefore, Rotenone's action indirectly inhibits Tim22. | ||||||