SUR-5 Activators

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a critical signaling cascade in cells, involved in regulating a variety of cellular processes including growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Activators of this pathway can exert their effects through various mechanisms, often involving the activation of upstream receptors or direct stimulation of the pathway components.

Insulin and IGF-1 are classical examples, primarily activating the pathway through their respective receptors. Growth factors like EGF, PDGF, and FGF also play a significant role, typically binding to tyrosine kinase receptors to initiate signaling cascades that converge on PI3K/AKT activation. Cytokines such as osteopontin, and signaling molecules like lysophosphatidic acid and ghrelin, demonstrate the diversity of mechanisms that can lead to pathway activation.Hormones, including estrogen and anabolic steroids, exhibit their effects partly through this pathway, highlighting its role in a wide range of physiological responses. Hydroxycholesterol and leptin, though not directly activating the pathway, influence it through their respective receptor-mediated mechanisms.