SPRR2 Activators
Chemical activators of SPRR2 utilize a variety of signaling pathways to modulate the expression and activity of this protein. Retinoic acid, for example, binds to retinoic acid receptors within the cell nucleus, which then attach to retinoic acid response elements on the DNA to stimulate the transcription of genes, including those coding for SPRR2. Similarly, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 interacts with vitamin D receptors, leading to the transcriptional activation of SPRR2 by engaging with vitamin D response elements. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) activates its receptor, EGFR, initiating a cascade of intracellular signals that culminate in the upregulation of proteins such as SPRR2, essential for epithelial development. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), through the NF-κB signaling pathway, induces transcription of genes that result in the increased production of SPRR2, linking it to immune response mechanisms.
Additional chemical agents that influence the activity of SPRR2 include Calcium Ionophore A23187, which disrupts calcium homeostasis and activates calcium-dependent signaling pathways, leading to the activation of SPRR2. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) engages protein kinase C (PKC), which plays a role in cellular processes that involve SPRR2. Lithium Chloride operates by inhibiting GSK-3β, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway and influencing the expression of SPRR2. Forskolin raises intracellular cAMP levels, triggering protein kinase A (PKA) and modulating SPRR2 expression through CREB-dependent transcription. External stressors like Hydrogen Peroxide induce oxidative stress which activates signaling pathways that upregulate proteins such as SPRR2, integral to the cell's defense mechanism. Similarly, Sodium Arsenite exposure leads to activation of the NRF2 pathway, enhancing the expression of protective proteins including SPRR2. Each of these chemicals, through their distinct mechanisms, activate intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to the regulation and activation of SPRR2.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid activates the differentiation-related protein SPRR2 by engaging nuclear retinoic acid receptors which then bind to retinoic acid response elements in the promoter regions of target genes, leading to transcriptional activation and increased expression of proteins including SPRR2. | ||||||
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | sc-202877B sc-202877A sc-202877C sc-202877D sc-202877 | 50 µg 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 100 µg | $220.00 $645.00 $1000.00 $1500.00 $440.00 | 32 | |
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 activates vitamin D receptors (VDR) that can bind to vitamin D response elements in the promoter regions of various genes, including those coding for proteins like SPRR2, thereby enhancing their transcription and subsequent protein activation. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
Calcium Ionophore A23187 increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways and subsequently lead to the activation of proteins such as SPRR2 that are responsive to calcium signaling. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is part of signaling pathways that lead to cellular differentiation and proliferation, processes in which SPRR2 is known to be involved, thereby activating SPRR2 through these pathways. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium Chloride inhibits GSK-3β, leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway can result in the activation of proteins like SPRR2, which are associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
Hydrogen Peroxide serves as a reactive oxygen species that can activate cellular signaling pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress, leading to activation of proteins like SPRR2 associated with cellular defense mechanisms. | ||||||
Sodium arsenite, 0.1N Standardized Solution | 7784-46-5 | sc-301816 | 500 ml | $130.00 | 4 | |
Sodium Arsenite induces oxidative stress and activates the NRF2 pathway, which can lead to the activation of cytoprotective proteins including SPRR2, as part of the adaptive response to such stress. | ||||||