PRAMEF22 Activators
Chemical activators of PRAMEF22 engage with various signaling pathways to modulate its activity. Forskolin, by directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, increases cAMP levels within the cell. This elevation of cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which is known to phosphorylate target proteins, including PRAMEF22. PKA-mediated phosphorylation leads to the functional activation of PRAMEF22, integrating it within the cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. Similarly, epinephrine, by binding to adrenergic receptors, also activates cAMP pathways and consequently PKA, which can phosphorylate and activate PRAMEF22. In the realm of lipid signaling, PDBu, mimicking diacylglycerol (DAG), activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC, in turn, phosphorylates a variety of substrates, among which PRAMEF22 may be included, leading to its activation as part of the PKC signaling cascade.
Other activators operate through different mechanisms but converge on similar endpoints, leading to the activation of PRAMEF22. For instance, ionomycin and A23187 act as calcium ionophores, increasing intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK). CaMK can then phosphorylate PRAMEF22, resulting in its functional activation. Thapsigargin, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, also increases cytosolic calcium, potentially leading to similar activation of PRAMEF22 through calcium-dependent signaling pathways. EGF binds to its receptor and activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, which is capable of phosphorylating a range of proteins, potentially including PRAMEF22. Anisomycin, though primarily a protein synthesis inhibitor, can activate stress-activated protein kinases, like JNK and p38 MAPK, which may target PRAMEF22 for phosphorylation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate binds to its receptors, leading to the activation of pathways that include PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, which can result in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of PRAMEF22. Finally, bradykinin activates its receptors, leading to the activation of PKC through the production of DAG, again suggesting a route for the phosphorylation and activation of PRAMEF22.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate | 37558-16-0 | sc-202285 | 1 mg | $124.00 | 3 | |
Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) is a phorbol ester that mimics diacylglycerol (DAG), a secondary messenger that activates protein kinase C (PKC). Activated PKC can phosphorylate a multitude of proteins, including PRAMEF22, leading to its functional activation within the PKC signaling pathway. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. The elevation of calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which in turn can phosphorylate and activate various proteins. One of the potential targets for CaMK-induced phosphorylation is PRAMEF22, thereby leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin engages with its receptor to initiate a signaling cascade that results in the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Akt can phosphorylate a broad range of substrates within the cell, potentially including PRAMEF22, which can lead to its functional activation as part of the insulin signaling pathway. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
Hydrogen peroxide serves as a signaling molecule that can lead to the activation of various kinases through oxidative mechanisms. These kinases, such as Src family kinases, can phosphorylate and activate several downstream proteins. PRAMEF22 may be functionally activated as a result of such kinase signaling cascades initiated by hydrogen peroxide. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, which can lead to the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways similar to forskolin. The resulting activation of PKA can lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of proteins, including PRAMEF22, as part of adrenergic receptor signaling. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can also activate stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK and p38 MAPK. These kinases are known to phosphorylate a variety of substrates, and such activation could lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of PRAMEF22 as part of the stress response pathway. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binds to S1P receptors, leading to downstream activation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and other pathways. These pathways can result in the phosphorylation and activation of various proteins, among which PRAMEF22 may be included, thus leading to its functional activation in response to S1P signaling. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SERCA pump inhibitor leading to increased cytosolic calcium levels. The subsequent activation of calcium-dependent proteins, including CaMK, could lead to the phosphorylation and functional activation of PRAMEF22 as a consequence of altered calcium signaling. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a calcium ionophore like ionomycin, and it also increases intracellular calcium levels. This increase can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, leading to the phosphorylation and functional activation of PRAMEF22 by calcium-responsive kinases. | ||||||
Bradykinin | 58-82-2 | sc-507311 | 5 mg | $110.00 | ||
Bradykinin activates its receptors, which are coupled to G proteins, leading to the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent production of DAG and IP3. This results in PKC activation, which can phosphorylate various proteins, potentially including PRAMEF22, leading to its functional activation within the bradykinin signaling pathway. | ||||||