NEEP21 Inhibitors
Chemical inhibitors of NEEP21 can function through various mechanisms by disrupting cellular pathways that are essential for its activity. Bafilomycin A1, for instance, selectively targets the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, which is critical for maintaining the acidic environment needed for endosomal sorting, a process where NEEP21 is actively involved. By blocking the acidification of endosomes, Bafilomycin A1 indirectly inhibits the functional activity of NEEP21, which is contingent on the proper pH gradient for its role in trafficking. Similarly, Monensin, an ionophore, alters the pH within lysosomes and endosomes, thereby perturbing the pH-dependent sorting and trafficking mechanisms where NEEP21 plays a role. Chlorpromazine interrupts clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a pathway crucial for the internalization of molecules and subsequent endosomal sorting, thereby indirectly inhibiting NEEP21 by preventing the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles.
Furthermore, Dynasore and Pitstop 2 also hinder endocytic pathways by inhibiting dynamin and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, respectively, which are pivotal for vesicle scission and formation. NEEP21's function is indirectly inhibited since it is reliant on the smooth operation of these processes. Nocodazole and Cytochalasin D target the cytoskeleton, with Nocodazole disassembling microtubules and Cytochalasin D inhibiting actin polymerization. The disruption of the cytoskeleton impedes the intracellular trafficking that NEEP21 needs to function properly. Latrunculin B adds to this by binding to actin monomers, further preventing the polymerization and thus the necessary dynamics for NEEP21-associated vesicle movement. Endosidin2, by disrupting endosomal trafficking, and Filipin III, by binding to cholesterol and therefore disrupting lipid rafts, can both result in the functional inhibition of NEEP21 through their effects on the stability and organization of cellular membranes and vesicles. Lastly, Tyrphostin A23 and EIPA (5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride) inhibit processes that contribute to endocytosis and the maintenance of pH gradients, respectively, both of which are vital for the endosomal sorting and trafficking roles of NEEP21. By altering tyrosine phosphorylation and inhibiting Na+/H+ exchange, these chemicals disrupt the cellular environment and the functional processes that NEEP21 requires to operate.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bafilomycin A1 | 88899-55-2 | sc-201550 sc-201550A sc-201550B sc-201550C | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $96.00 $250.00 $750.00 $1428.00 | 280 | |
Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). NEEP21 is involved in the endosomal sorting of receptors; inhibition of V-ATPase by Bafilomycin A1 disrupts endosomal acidification, which is crucial for the endosomal sorting functions where NEEP21 operates, leading to its functional inhibition. | ||||||
Dynamin Inhibitor I, Dynasore | 304448-55-3 | sc-202592 | 10 mg | $87.00 | 44 | |
Dynasore inhibits dynamin, which is essential for vesicle scission during endocytosis. NEEP21, being associated with endosomal trafficking, relies on proper vesicle formation and release; hence, dynasore inhibition of dynamin can indirectly inhibit NEEP21 by preventing the endosomal trafficking process. | ||||||
Monensin A | 17090-79-8 | sc-362032 sc-362032A | 5 mg 25 mg | $152.00 $515.00 | ||
Monensin is an ionophore that disrupts lysosomal and endosomal pH gradients. By altering the pH, it indirectly inhibits NEEP21, which requires the maintenance of specific pH levels for proper endosomal sorting and trafficking of proteins. | ||||||
Nocodazole | 31430-18-9 | sc-3518B sc-3518 sc-3518C sc-3518A | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $58.00 $83.00 $140.00 $242.00 | 38 | |
Nocodazole disrupts microtubule polymerization. Microtubules are essential for vesicular transport, and NEEP21’s function is dependent on proper trafficking along these structures; thus, nocodazole can inhibit NEEP21 by disrupting the microtubule network needed for its function. | ||||||
Cytochalasin D | 22144-77-0 | sc-201442 sc-201442A | 1 mg 5 mg | $145.00 $442.00 | 64 | |
Cytochalasin D inhibits actin polymerization. Since actin dynamics are important for endocytic vesicle movement, the action of cytochalasin D can lead to the functional inhibition of NEEP21 by impairing vesicle transport processes it depends on. | ||||||
Chlorpromazine | 50-53-3 | sc-357313 sc-357313A | 5 g 25 g | $60.00 $108.00 | 21 | |
Chlorpromazine is known to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis. NEEP21 is implicated in the sorting of endocytic vesicles; thus, inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis can indirectly inhibit the function of NEEP21 by preventing the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. | ||||||
Filipin III | 480-49-9 | sc-205323 sc-205323A | 500 µg 1 mg | $116.00 $145.00 | 26 | |
Filipin III binds to cholesterol, disrupting lipid rafts in cellular membranes. Because NEEP21 is involved in the trafficking and sorting of endosomal vesicles, which can be dependent on lipid raft integrity, disruption of lipid rafts can result in the functional inhibition of NEEP21. | ||||||
Latrunculin B | 76343-94-7 | sc-203318 | 1 mg | $229.00 | 29 | |
Latrunculin B binds to actin monomers, preventing polymerization. By disrupting actin filaments, it can inhibit NEEP21 function as actin dynamics are essential for endosomal vesicle transport and sorting. | ||||||
Pitstop 2 | 1419093-54-1 | sc-507418 | 10 mg | $360.00 | ||
Pitstop 2 is an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It can indirectly inhibit NEEP21 by blocking the formation of clathrin-coated pits, which are necessary for the endocytic pathway with which NEEP21 is associated. | ||||||
Tyrphostin A23 | 118409-57-7 | sc-3554 | 10 mg | $110.00 | 13 | |
Tyrphostin A23 inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates involved in endocytosis. Since NEEP21 is critical for endosomal sorting, inhibition of endocytic pathways by Tyrphostin A23 can lead to functional inhibition of NEEP21 by impairing the endocytic processes it relies on. | ||||||