Na+ CP type Xα Activators
Na+ CP type Xα activators encompass a diverse array of chemical compounds that exert their enhancing effects through various mechanisms, primarily by influencing the functionality of the voltage-gated sodium channels. Veratridine and aconitine act by binding to the voltage-sensing domain of Na+ CP type Xα, thereby stabilizing the channel in its open state and facilitating prolonged sodium ion influx. Batrachotoxin further pushes the voltage activation threshold, ensuring the channels remain open longer, while benzocaine at sub-blocking concentrations and phenytoin through selective slow inactivation, increase channel availability. Lacosamide and ranolazine contribute to the enhanced activity of Na+ CP type Xα by promoting its slow inactivation, which paradoxically increases channel availability during neuronal high-frequency firing.
Furthermore, compounds like cilostazol and calmodulin, though not direct activators, indirectly boost the functional activity of Na+ CP type Xα through secondary messenger pathways. Cilostazol, by increasing cAMP levels, facilitates the phosphorylation of the channel via PKA, and calmodulin, through calcium-mediated signaling, modulates the channel's activity. Saxitoxin can at low concentrations subtly enhance Na+ CP type Xα activation by altering its voltage-dependence. Flecainide uniquely extends the open state of Na+ CP type Xα, thereby enhancing sodium current, a mechanism beneficial in certain cardiac conditions.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Veratridine | 71-62-5 | sc-201075B sc-201075 sc-201075C sc-201075A | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $82.00 $104.00 $201.00 $379.00 | 3 | |
A neurotoxin that binds to and activates the voltage-gated sodium channels like Na+ CP type Xα by preventing inactivation, leading to prolonged depolarization of the neuron and enhanced sodium influx. | ||||||
Aconitine | 302-27-2 | sc-202441 sc-202441A sc-202441B sc-202441C sc-202441D | 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $306.00 $459.00 $663.00 $1277.00 $2091.00 | ||
Alkaloid toxin that enhances the activity of Na+ CP type Xα by binding to the voltage-sensing domain, thus stabilizing the open state of the channel and increasing sodium current. | ||||||
5,5-Diphenyl Hydantoin | 57-41-0 | sc-210385 | 5 g | $70.00 | ||
An antiepileptic drug that, at therapeutic concentrations, can preferentially enhance the slow inactivation of Na+ CP type Xα, indirectly leading to an increased channel availability during rapid firing. | ||||||
Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | sc-201182 sc-201182A | 10 mg 50 mg | $109.00 $322.00 | 3 | |
A phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that raises cAMP levels, which can secondarily increase the functional activity of Na+ CP type Xα channels by phosphorylation through PKA. | ||||||
Ranolazine | 95635-55-5 | sc-212769 | 1 g | $109.00 | 3 | |
An antianginal agent in research that can modulate Na+ CP type Xα activity by enhancing late sodium current, which is beneficial in conditions of ischemic heart disease. | ||||||
Calmodulin (human), (recombinant) | 73298-54-1 | sc-471287 | 1 mg | $300.00 | ||
Though not a direct activator, calmodulin can bind and modulate sodium channels like Na+ CP type Xα at intracellular sites, potentially enhancing their activity through calcium-mediated signaling pathways. | ||||||