MAP-2C Activators
Microtubule-associated protein 2C (MAP-2C) is an integral component of the neuronal cytoskeletal network, playing a pivotal role in stabilizing microtubules as well as in facilitating the processes of neuronal outgrowth, differentiation, and structural plasticity. A member of the MAP-2 family, MAP-2C's expression and function are particularly prominent during early stages of neuronal development, where it contributes to the intricate architecture of the developing nervous system. The modulation of MAP-2C expression is a finely tuned process, influenced by a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and external molecular cues that can increase or stimulate its production. Understanding the regulation of MAP-2C is essential for deciphering the complexities of neurodevelopment and the maintenance of the neuronal structure in the adult brain.
Within the cellular milieu, the expression of MAP-2C can be upregulated by an array of chemical activators that trigger specific signaling cascades. Compounds such as forskolin, for instance, are known to raise intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, thereby activating protein kinase A (PKA) and potentially leading to the enhanced transcription of MAP-2C. Similarly, histone deacetylase inhibitors like trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate induce hyperacetylation of histone proteins, resulting in a more transcriptionally active chromatin state and possibly stimulating MAP-2C expression. Additionally, lithium chloride's inhibitory action on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) can lead to downstream increases in gene transcription, potentially affecting MAP-2C levels. Other compounds, such as retinoic acid, engage with their specific nuclear receptors to initiate transcriptional activation that can include genes like MAP-2C. These chemical activators, each through their unique mechanisms, underscore the complex regulatory network governing MAP-2C expression, which is essential for the dynamic processes of neuronal development and function.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an upsurge in cAMP levels which can activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is known to phosphorylate and thereby activate transcription factors such as CREB, which can upregulate the transcription of genes like MAP-2C. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid engages with its nuclear receptors, RAR and RXR, which dimerize and bind to retinoic acid response elements (RARE) in the DNA, initiating transcriptional activation. Through this mechanism, retinoic acid can upregulate genes involved in neuronal development, potentially including MAP-2C. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride can inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), which results in increased stability and activity of β-catenin, a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. This stimulation may lead to enhanced transcription of Wnt target genes, among which MAP-2C could be included. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $152.00 $479.00 $632.00 $1223.00 $2132.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases, causing hyperacetylation of histone proteins, which loosens chromatin structure, thereby facilitating access of transcription machinery and stimulating the expression of numerous genes, possibly including MAP-2C. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $31.00 $47.00 $84.00 $222.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate, as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, prompts hyperacetylation of histones, which can lead to chromatin remodeling and subsequent transcriptional activation. This process may stimulate the expression of genes relevant to neuronal function, such as MAP-2C. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $87.00 | 9 | |
Valproic acid, through histone deacetylase inhibition, induces hyperacetylation of histones, similar to TSA and sodium butyrate, and thereby could stimulate the transcription of genes that are crucial for neuronal plasticity, potentially encompassing MAP-2C. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can lead to the activation of downstream signaling pathways that control gene expression. This activation can result in the increased transcription of genes involved in cell differentiation and growth, and MAP-2C may be among those genes. | ||||||
K-252a | 99533-80-9 | sc-200517 sc-200517B sc-200517A | 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $129.00 $214.00 $498.00 | 19 | |
K-252a is known as a kinase inhibitor, with specificity towards certain neurotrophic factor receptors, which could paradoxically lead to the upregulation of compensatory pathways that induce the expression of MAP-2C as a homeostatic response. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in the cell. This elevation can activate PKA, which may in turn stimulate the transcription of genes including those related to cytoskeletal regulation, potentially MAP-2C. | ||||||
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 60-92-4 | sc-217584 sc-217584A sc-217584B sc-217584C sc-217584D sc-217584E | 100 mg 250 mg 5 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $116.00 $179.00 $265.00 $369.00 $629.00 $1150.00 | ||
Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate serves as a membrane-permeable cAMP analog that can activate PKA directly, bypassing cell surface receptors. The activation of PKA can lead to the stimulation of transcription factors and the upregulation of their target genes, possibly MAP-2C. | ||||||