KVβ.3 Activators
Utilizing a range of specific chemical compounds, the functional activity of KVβ.3 is enhanced through various direct and indirect mechanisms. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), for instance, serves as a powerful activator of protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate the KVβ.3 subunit and increase the probability of associated Kv1 potassium channel opening. 1-Ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO) and Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) further contribute to this enhancement by opening calcium-activated potassium channels and activating protein kinase A (PKA), respectively, each leading to changes in cell membrane potential or phosphorylation that favor KVβ.3 activity. Substances like Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) at sub-blocking concentrations and Zn2+ ions, by altering the channel's configuration, may increase channel opening likelihood or affect inactivation kinetics, boosting KVβ.3's functional role.
Additionally, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can oxidize specific cysteine residues on KVβ.3, possibly leading to enhanced channel activity or association with Kv1 channels. Magnesium ions, without being direct activators, may interact with cellular machinery to regulate KVβ.3 trafficking or surface expression. Compounds like Bithionol and Flufenamic acid provoke compensatory cellular responses or cause overall changes in ion flux, indirectly necessitating increased potassium efflux through KVβ.3 channels to maintain ionic homeostasis. Pioglitazone, through PPARγ agonism, may upregulate expression of proteins that modulate KVβ.3 activity, while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) changes the cell membrane environment, affecting KVβ.3's gating. Anandamide, by interacting with cannabinoid receptors, may influence intracellular signaling pathways that indirectly enhance KVβ.3's functionality. These activators collectively facilitate the enhancement of KVβ.3-mediated functions, leveraging their targeted effects on cellular signaling pathways.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA acts as a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn can enhance phosphorylation of specific sites on the KVβ.3 subunit. This phosphorylation can increase the open probability of the associated Kv1 potassium channels, thereby increasing the functional activity of KVβ.3. | ||||||
1-EBIO | 10045-45-1 | sc-201695 sc-201695A | 10 mg 50 mg | $87.00 $325.00 | 1 | |
1-EBIO opens calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels, which could lead to hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. This hyperpolarization may indirectly enhance the functional activity of KVβ.3 by stabilizing the membrane potential, which favors the activation of voltage-gated potassium channels including those associated with KVβ.3. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
db-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can phosphorylate KVβ.3, which may facilitate its interaction with Kv1 channels, enhancing the functional activity of KVβ.3 by effectively increasing the channels' sensitivity to voltage changes and possibly their conductivity. | ||||||
Tetraethylammonium chloride | 56-34-8 | sc-202834 | 25 g | $45.00 | 2 | |
TEA is known to block potassium channels non-selectively. At sub-blocking concentrations, TEA may allosterically influence the KVβ.3 subunits to increase the likelihood of channel opening or affect their inactivation kinetics, thereby indirectly enhancing the activity of KVβ.3-associated potassium channels. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
Zinc ions are known to modulate various potassium channels. For KVβ.3, Zn2+ may bind to specific sites, altering the channel's configuration and enhancing its activity. This can increase the probability of channel opening in response to voltage changes, potentiating the functional activity of KVβ.3. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species that can modulate the activity of various proteins through oxidation. For KVβ.3, H2O2 may oxidize specific cysteine residues, leading to a conformational change that enhances the channel's activity or its association with Kv1 channels, indirectly increasing the functional activity of KVβ.3. | ||||||
Bithionol | 97-18-7 | sc-239383 | 25 g | $79.00 | ||
Bithionol has been shown to activate chloride channels. While it does not directly activate KVβ.3, it may induce a compensatory cellular response that upregulates the functional activity of potassium channels, including those associated with KVβ.3, in an effort to maintain ionic balance across the cell membrane. | ||||||
Flufenamic acid | 530-78-9 | sc-205699 sc-205699A sc-205699B sc-205699C | 10 g 50 g 100 g 250 g | $27.00 $79.00 $154.00 $309.00 | 1 | |
Flufenamic acid is known to modulate various ion channels, including non-selective cation channels. It may indirectly enhance KVβ.3 activity by causing an overall change in ion flux that necessitates increased potassium efflux through KVβ.3-associated channels to maintain electrochemical homeostasis. | ||||||
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | sc-202289 sc-202289A | 1 mg 5 mg | $55.00 $125.00 | 13 | |
Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, influences the transcription of various genes. It may upregulate the expression of proteins that modulate the functional activity of KVβ.3, such as those involved in the trafficking or assembly of KVβ.3-containing potassium channels. | ||||||
Docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic Acid (22:6, n-3) | 6217-54-5 | sc-200768 sc-200768A sc-200768B sc-200768C sc-200768D | 100 mg 1 g 10 g 50 g 100 g | $94.00 $210.00 $1779.00 $8021.00 $16657.00 | 11 | |
DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that can incorporate into cell membranes and affect their fluidity and protein function. It may enhance the functional activity of KVβ.3 by changing the membrane environment in which KVβ.3 operates, potentially affecting the channel's gating or interaction with other proteins. | ||||||