kallistatin Activators
Kallistatin Activators are a collection of chemical entities that indirectly enhance the functional activity of kallistatin through a series of unique signaling mechanisms. These activators, while diverse in structure, converge on common biochemical pathways that elevate the production of nitric oxide (NO), a critical effector molecule that upregulates kallistatin function. For instance, epinephrine and acetylcholine, by engaging with their respective receptors, initiate a cascade that activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to increased NO synthesis. Histamine also targets eNOS through receptor-mediated mechanisms, further amplifying NO production. This rise in NO, facilitated by direct donors like sodium nitroprusside and signaling molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, results in the potentiation of kallistatin's biological roles, particularly in vascular function and anti-inflammatory responses.
Moreover, the ionophore A23187 induces intracellular calcium influx, another pathway culminating in eNOS activation and subsequent NO production, thereby contributing to the enhancement of kallistatin activity. The influence of PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, extends this theme by preventing the degradation of cGMP, a secondary messenger that is synergistic with NO in promoting kallistatin activity. Isoproterenol, through beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and forskolin, by upregulating cAMP, both potentiate eNOS phosphorylation and activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with adrenergic receptors, which can lead to the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Nitric oxide (NO), produced by eNOS, has been shown to increase the expression of kallistatin via a cGMP-dependent pathway, thereby enhancing kallistatin activity. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine, through its action on H1 receptors, can lead to the activation of endothelial cells, resulting in the production of NO. The NO produced can then act to increase kallistatin levels, which in turn modulates its activity indirectly. | ||||||
Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate | 13755-38-9 | sc-203395 sc-203395A sc-203395B | 1 g 5 g 100 g | $43.00 $85.00 $158.00 | 7 | |
Sodium Nitroprusside is a donor of NO and directly increases NO levels in the bloodstream, which can enhance the activity of kallistatin through the same cGMP-dependent pathway as endogenously produced NO. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
Hydrogen peroxide can serve as a signaling molecule to promote phosphorylation of eNOS, leading to increased NO production. This increase in NO can subsequently enhance kallistatin activity by upregulating its expression. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is an ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate eNOS and subsequently increase NO production. The increase in NO levels can enhance the activity of kallistatin. | ||||||
Vardenafil | 224785-90-4 | sc-362054 sc-362054A sc-362054B | 100 mg 1 g 50 g | $526.00 $735.00 $16653.00 | 7 | |
Vardenafil, similar to Sildenafil, is a PDE5 inhibitor that increases cGMP levels, which can indirectly lead to enhanced kallistatin activity through upregulation of its expression. | ||||||
Tadalafil | 171596-29-5 | sc-208412 | 50 mg | $180.00 | 13 | |
Tadalafil is also a PDE5 inhibitor that prolongs the effect of NO in the vasculature by preventing the degradation of cGMP. This can indirectly increase kallistatin activity through enhanced expression mediated by cGMP. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that can stimulate eNOS activity, leading to increased NO production. The NO can then enhance kallistatin activity by increasing its expression. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP levels, which can lead to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can phosphorylate and activate eNOS, resulting in increased NO production that may enhance kallistatin activity. | ||||||