HLA-DQ阻害剤

Several classes of molecules and compounds have been studied for their ability to influence MHC class II molecules, including HLA-DQ, either directly or indirectly. Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-D) molecules play a critical role in the immune system by facilitating the process of antigen presentation. Antigen presentation is a fundamental mechanism through which the immune system identifies and responds to foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. HLA-D molecules are specifically involved in presenting antigens from extracellular pathogens to helper T cells, a type of immune cell. The process of antigen presentation by HLA-D molecules involves several steps. First, professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, capture antigens from invading pathogens. These antigens are then processed within the antigen-presenting cell and loaded onto HLA-D molecules. HLA-D molecules act as a sort of "molecular platform" that binds to the processed antigens, forming a complex.

HLA-DQ is fundamentally involved in the immune response by functioning as an antigen-presenting molecule that interacts with CD4+ T cells. These molecules are typically membrane-bound proteins expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. HLA-DQ inhibitors can operate through a variety of mechanisms, such as directly binding to the peptide-binding groove to inhibit antigen presentation or acting intracellularly to reduce the expression or trafficking of HLA-DQ molecules. This category of compounds can encompass a wide range of chemical structures, from small organic molecules to larger, more complex substances such as peptides or biological molecules.