GAAP Inhibitors
Chemical inhibitors of GAAP have been identified that can interfere with the protein's function through various cellular mechanisms. Bafilomycin A1 and Concanamycin A, both V-ATPase inhibitors, disrupt the acidification within vesicles, a key process for the functionality of GAAP, which is crucial in maintaining the proper ionic environment for vesicular trafficking. By elevating the pH levels in intracellular compartments, these inhibitors can impair the GAAP-dependent processes. Similarly, Dynasore targets the GTPase dynamin, integral to the scission of vesicles during endocytosis, and thus its inhibition can impede vesicular trafficking, affecting the localization and function of GAAP. Genistein, as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, impacts the phosphorylation of proteins, which can alter the signal transduction pathways that control the trafficking and function of membrane proteins, including GAAP. Decynium-22 affects vesicular monoamine transporters, altering the vesicular pH and neurotransmitter storage, potentially disrupting environments that are necessary for GAAP's proper functioning.
Thapsigargin, a SERCA pump inhibitor, depletes ER calcium stores, which is another route to indirectly affecting GAAP's role in calcium signaling modulation. Tunicamycin disrupts glycosylation, leading to ER stress and the unfolded protein response, which in turn can alter the trafficking and function of proteins such as GAAP. U18666A inhibits cholesterol transport and induces its accumulation within cells, potentially disturbing lipid raft-associated protein functions and vesicular trafficking, which could impede GAAP's activity. Monensin and Chloroquine, by altering lysosomal pH, can disrupt the degradation of proteins and autophagic processes vital for GAAP function. Lastly, Nocodazole's disruption of microtubule polymerization can impede the trafficking of proteins like GAAP, preventing their proper localization and functional expression within the cell.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bafilomycin A1 | 88899-55-2 | sc-201550 sc-201550A sc-201550B sc-201550C | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $98.00 $255.00 $765.00 $1457.00 | 280 | |
Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). By inhibiting V-ATPase, it prevents acidification within vesicles, disrupting the vesicular trafficking and autophagy processes, which are crucial for GAAP function. | ||||||
Concanamycin A | 80890-47-7 | sc-202111 sc-202111A sc-202111B sc-202111C | 50 µg 200 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $66.00 $167.00 $673.00 $2601.00 | 109 | |
Similar to Bafilomycin A1, Concanamycin A inhibits V-ATPase. This inhibition results in elevated pH levels in intracellular compartments, which can impede the functionality of GAAP, as it relies on a properly acidified environment for its operation. | ||||||
Dynamin Inhibitor I, Dynasore | 304448-55-3 | sc-202592 | 10 mg | $89.00 | 44 | |
Dynasore is a GTPase inhibitor that targets dynamin, which is involved in vesicle scission. By inhibiting dynamin, Dynasore can disrupt endocytosis and vesicular trafficking, processes that are essential for the proper localization and function of GAAP. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $45.00 $164.00 $200.00 $402.00 $575.00 $981.00 $2031.00 | 46 | |
Genistein is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. By inhibiting tyrosine kinases, Genistein impacts signal transduction pathways that can influence the trafficking and function of membrane proteins such as GAAP. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitor which leads to depletion of ER calcium stores. This disruption of calcium homeostasis can indirectly affect GAAP function, which is involved in calcium signaling modulation. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin blocks N-linked glycosylation. While it does not directly inhibit GAAP, it can induce ER stress and UPR, which can lead to altered trafficking and function of membrane proteins, including GAAP. | ||||||
U 18666A | 3039-71-2 | sc-203306 sc-203306A | 10 mg 50 mg | $143.00 $510.00 | 2 | |
U18666A is an inhibitor of cholesterol transport and can induce intracellular cholesterol accumulation, which may interfere with lipid raft-associated proteins and vesicular trafficking, indirectly affecting GAAP functionality. | ||||||
Monensin A | 17090-79-8 | sc-362032 sc-362032A | 5 mg 25 mg | $155.00 $525.00 | ||
Monensin is an ionophore that disrupts lysosomal pH by exchanging H+ for Na+. This disturbance of lysosomal function can consequently impact vesicular trafficking and, indirectly, GAAP function. | ||||||
Chloroquine | 54-05-7 | sc-507304 | 250 mg | $69.00 | 2 | |
Chloroquine raises the pH of acidic vesicles and impairs protein degradation in lysosomes and autophagosomes. This can disrupt cellular trafficking and autophagic processes that are essential for the function of GAAP. | ||||||
Nocodazole | 31430-18-9 | sc-3518B sc-3518 sc-3518C sc-3518A | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $59.00 $85.00 $143.00 $247.00 | 38 | |
Nocodazole disrupts microtubule polymerization. Microtubules are necessary for vesicular transport, and their disruption can impede the trafficking of proteins like GAAP to their functional locations within the cell. | ||||||