Fat Activators

FAT Atypical Cadherin 1 (FAT1) is a protein encoded by the FAT1 gene in humans. It belongs to the FAT family of proteins, a subset of the cadherin superfamily. Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules involved in maintaining tissue architecture and initiating cellular signaling.FAT1 is a type of atypical cadherin because, unlike classical cadherins, it has a large number of cadherin repeats and additional domains that give it unique functions. It is crucial in several biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and polarity.The protein plays a role in the formation of adherens junctions, which are structures that mediate adhesion between cells, maintaining tissue integrity and facilitating intercellular communication. It also contributes to the establishment of cell polarity, a fundamental aspect of cellular function and development.

FAT1 is also implicated in the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway, a pathway that controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. This function suggests that FAT1 may play a role in developmental processes and tissue homeostasis.Alterations in FAT1 have been associated with various diseases, particularly cancers. Changes in the expression or function of FAT1 can disrupt normal cell-cell interactions and signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and movement, characteristics of cancer cells.In summary, FAT1 is an atypical cadherin involved in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and polarity. Its role in these processes makes it crucial for maintaining normal cellular function. Alterations in FAT1 are implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer, underscoring its importance in health and disease.