DC Marker Activators
Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal members of the immune system, serving as the sentinels that detect foreign pathogens and initiate the body's immune response. DCs express a myriad of surface molecules, collectively referred to as DC markers, which are crucial for their function. These markers include adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules, and antigen-presenting molecules, each playing a distinct role in the activation and maturation of these immune cells. Unique DC markers are used as identifiers in various research contexts to isolate and study dendritic cell populations. The presence and density of these markers can change dynamically in response to environmental signals and intracellular events, indicating the functional state of the DCs. Understanding the regulation of DC marker expression is essential for uncovering the mechanisms underlying immune responses and for advancing our knowledge of immunology.
Several chemical agents are known to induce the expression of DC markers, thereby stimulating dendritic cells to achieve a mature phenotype capable of effectively presenting antigens and activating T-cells. Compounds such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) are recognized for their ability to mimic bacterial and viral components, respectively, leading to the activation of dendritic cells via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Other compounds, including imiquimod and resiquimod, function as synthetic ligands that bind to TLRs and stimulate dendritic cell maturation. Natural substances like vitamin D3 and β-glucan also play roles in modulating DC marker expression, with vitamin D3 activating nuclear receptors that influence gene transcription, and β-glucan engaging with cell surface receptors to promote the dendritic cell activation cascade. These activators are valuable tools in research, providing insight into the pathways that govern dendritic cell behavior and the immune system's response to various stimuli.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $96.00 $166.00 $459.00 $1615.00 | 12 | |
LPS triggers a robust immune response by directly engaging with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on dendritic cells, initiating a signaling cascade that culminates in the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, hallmark markers of dendritic cell activation. | ||||||
Polyinosinic acid - polycytidylic acid sodium salt, double-stranded | 42424-50-0 | sc-204854 sc-204854A | 10 mg 100 mg | $139.00 $650.00 | 2 | |
Poly I:C serves as a double-stranded RNA mimic, which, through interaction with TLR3 on dendritic cells, stimulates the production of type I interferons and other cytokines, leading to the increased expression of dendritic cell maturation markers. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $66.00 $278.00 | 6 | |
As a synthetic agonist of TLR7, imiquimod prompts dendritic cells to elevate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of surface markers necessary for T-lymphocyte priming, thereby fostering the maturation of dendritic cells. | ||||||
R-848 | 144875-48-9 | sc-203231 sc-203231A sc-203231B sc-203231C | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $100.00 $300.00 $500.00 $1528.00 | 12 | |
R-848 is a potent agonist of both TLR7 and TLR8, and when bound to these receptors on dendritic cells, it stimulates a heightened immune response characterized by the enhanced presentation of antigens and the increased expression of maturation markers. | ||||||
Thalidomide | 50-35-1 | sc-201445 sc-201445A | 100 mg 500 mg | $109.00 $350.00 | 8 | |
Thalidomide exerts a stimulatory effect on dendritic cells by enhancing the cell surface expression of adhesion and costimulatory molecules, thereby promoting the ability of dendritic cells to initiate T-cell responses. | ||||||
Zymosan | 9010-72-4 | sc-296863 sc-296863A | 100 mg 1 g | $97.00 $587.00 | 1 | |
Zymosan is recognized by dectin-1 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on dendritic cells, which stimulates the cells to express higher levels of activation markers and to secrete cytokines that are vital for the activation of other immune cells. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, through its interaction with its nuclear receptors on dendritic cells, stimulates the upregulation of surface proteins that are essential for lymphocyte homing and interaction, critical steps in the maturation of dendritic cells. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $70.00 $160.00 $290.00 | 2 | |
Cholecalciferol, upon binding to its receptor on dendritic cells, induces the expression of specific genes that are responsible for the upregulation of surface molecules involved in antigen presentation and T-cell activation. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin can stimulate dendritic cells to express higher levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules, which are vital for their antigen-presenting function and subsequent T-cell activation. | ||||||