CKR-5 Activators
C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in the immune system by acting as a receptor for chemokines, specifically the C-C chemokines including RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. These chemokines are crucial for the recruitment and activation of immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation, infection, or injury. The binding of these chemokines to CCR5 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that promote cell migration and infiltration into affected tissues, facilitating an effective immune response. CCR5's involvement extends beyond chemotaxis; it also influences cell survival, proliferation, and the secretion of further immunomodulatory molecules, thereby contributing significantly to the orchestration of both innate and adaptive immune responses. By mediating the directional movement and functional programming of immune cells, CCR5 plays an essential role in the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens and in the regulation of inflammatory processes.
The activation of CCR5 is a complex process that involves the specific binding of its ligands, leading to conformational changes in the receptor that trigger its interaction with G-proteins. This interaction initiates a series of downstream signaling pathways, including the activation of phospholipase C, the increase in intracellular calcium levels, and the activation of various kinases such as PI3K and MAPK. These signaling events culminate in the transcriptional activation of genes that are critical for cell movement, the production of inflammatory mediators, and the survival of immune cells. Additionally, CCR5 activation plays a role in the formation of immunological synapses, enhancing the efficiency of antigen presentation and the establishment of effective immune responses. The precise modulation of CCR5 activity is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis, as dysregulation can lead to inadequate or excessive immune activation.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $96.00 $166.00 $459.00 $1615.00 | 12 | |
LPS, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can activate CKR-5 indirectly by triggering the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, which can activate CKR-5 expression and enhance its role in immune response. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes and red wine. It indirectly activates CKR-5 by modulating the SIRT1 pathway. Resveratrol enhances SIRT1 activity, leading to deacetylation of transcription factors like NF-κB. Reduced NF-κB activity results in lower expression of inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, promotes CKR-5-mediated immune responses. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin is a bioactive compound in turmeric. It indirectly activates CKR-5 by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. By blocking NF-κB activation, curcumin reduces the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-6 and IL-8, thus promoting the immune-modulatory role of CKR-5 in inflammation. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $108.00 $245.00 $918.00 $49.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin is a flavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables. It indirectly activates CKR-5 by interfering with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Quercetin inhibits AKT phosphorylation, which reduces NF-κB activation and leads to decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately enhancing CKR-5 function in immune regulation. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 is a lipid mediator produced during inflammation. It indirectly activates CKR-5 by stimulating the cAMP-PKA pathway. Increased cAMP levels promote CKR-5 expression and function, contributing to immune responses against pathogens. | ||||||
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 | 32222-06-3 | sc-202877B sc-202877A sc-202877C sc-202877D sc-202877 | 50 µg 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 100 µg | $325.00 $632.00 $1428.00 $2450.00 $400.00 | 32 | |
Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, indirectly activates CKR-5 by modulating immune responses. It promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus facilitating CKR-5's function in regulating immune homeostasis. | ||||||
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | sc-214640 sc-214640A | 1 kg 10 kg | $63.00 $174.00 | ||
Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria. It indirectly activates CKR-5 by regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Butyrate inhibits HDAC, leading to increased acetylation of histones and enhanced CKR-5 expression, promoting its immune-modulatory function in the gut. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate can indirectly activate CKR-5 by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Its polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), reduce NF-κB activation and downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby enhancing CKR-5's role in immune regulation. | ||||||
Polyinosinic acid - polycytidylic acid sodium salt, double-stranded | 42424-50-0 | sc-204854 sc-204854A | 10 mg 100 mg | $139.00 $650.00 | 2 | |
Poly(I:C) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA. It directly activates CKR-5 by binding to it and triggering immune signaling pathways. This leads to the upregulation of CKR-5 expression and its involvement in antiviral defense and immune regulation. | ||||||